CEMENTING

SHARING KNOWLEDGE
 Primary Cementing
Principle function
• Isolate oil, gas, water zones
• Restrict fluid movement
• Support casing
• Protect casing from corrosion
• Seal off lost circulation zones
 Remedial Cementing (Secondary)
Principle function
• Repair primary cementing
• Close perforation or non productive zone
• Seal off lost circulation zones and gas zone
• KOP for whipstocking
• Abandon a zone
• Protect a lower (pay) zone

 Type of Primary Cementing :  Type of Remedial Cementing :

• Single Stage • Plugs
• Multiple Stage  Balance Plug
• Miscellaneous  Two-plug method
 Top of Surface Casing
 Dumb Bailer
 Inner String
 Cement Retainer
 Scab Liner
 Kick of Plug
• Squeezes
 Bradenhead Method
Key to a good Primary cement job is Mud Removal  Bullhead Method
 Spotting Method

Key to a good Remedial cement job are Experiences

and Well Data
SQUEEZE CEMENTING

Objective
 Repair primary cementing
 Close unwanted zone
 Close non productive/depleted zone
 Close casing leak
 Close lost circulation zone
 SQUEEZE CEMENTING
Types of Squeezes Pumping Methods of Squeezes
 Perforation squeezes  Pressure Squeeze
 Hesitation method
 Top of Liner Squeezes
 Running squeeze
 Casing Leak squeezes
 Shoe squeezes
 Open hole squeezes

System of Squeezes Placement Techniques of Squeezes

 Bradenhead Method  No Tool (Brandenhead)
 Using Tool (Bullhead, Spotting)
 Bullhead Method
 Spotting Method
BRADENHEAD METHOD
(A Squeezed Balanced Plug)

 Spot Cement
 Pull Work String
 Close Annulus
 Apply Squeeze Pres.
BULLHEAD METHOD

Casing Pump Casing Pump

500 - 1000 psi 500 - 1000 psi

 Pump Cement with Packer Set

Displacement  Displace Mud into Formation
Fluid  Hold Annulus Pres.
 Apply Squeeze Pres.

Cement
Mud or
Displacement
Fluid
SPOTTING METHOD

Casing Pump
500 - 1000 psi

 Stab with Packer

 Apply Casing Pressure
 Displace Cement
 Apply Squeeze Pressure
 SQUEEZE CEMENTING
Design Slurry
 Fluid Loss Control  Thickening Time  Spacer
Avoid
contamination
cement slurry
with
CF/formation
water to
maintain its
properties (FL,
TT, viscosity)

 Compressive Strength
Equipment ID : HPHT UCA_735L Customer: TATELY N.V 500 psi @ 5:32:00
Test Start: 8/27/2013 8:34:13 AM Well ID : Budi-07 CS @ 12 hrs : 1723 psi psi

Volume Slurry
Test Stop: 8/28/2013 8:50:30 AM Algorithm: Compressive strength type B (more than 14 lb/gal) CS @ 24 hrs : 3293 psi psi

 400 20 5000

- Casing Volume
360 18 4500

320 16 4000

- Squeeze Volume
280 14 3500

Compressive Strength (psi)

Transit Time (microsec/in)
240 12 3000
Temperature (°F)

Viscosity
200 10 2500

 160 8 2000

- Low Viscosity
120 6 1500

80 4 1000

- High Viscosity
40 2 500

0 0 0
0:00 5:00 10:00 15:00 20:00 25:00 30:00
Time (HH:MM)
PLUG CEMENTING

Objective
 Lost Circulation
 Formation Testing
 Zona Isolation
 Kick-Off
 Abandonment
 PLUG CEMENTING
Types of Plug
 Dumb Bailer  Two Plug Method
 Balance Plug
- uses tool “Plug catcher”
- use 2 rubber plugs
- Used Offshore
 Kick-Off Plug
 Cement Retainer
- P&A
- High losses zone
- Case hole
 Parabow
- High losses zone
- Open hole
TEMPERATURE CALCULATION
Temperature Gradient
T.G (deg.F/100 ft)= [BHST (deg.F) – 80 (deg.F) / [depth (ft)/100]

Bottom Hole Circulating Temperature

BHSQT (deg.F) = Temp surf (deg.F) + {[0.0076495 x depth (ft) x T.G (deg.F/100ft)] – 8.2021}
{1 – [0.000008068 x depth (ft)]}
PRESSURE CALCULATION
Pressure Gradient (usually deplete zone)
P.G (Psi/ft)= 0.5 x {1 + [2 x BHP (psi)]/depth (ft)}

Pressure Gradient (usually active zone)

P.G (Psi/ft)= 0.33 x {1 + [BHP (psi)/depth (ft)]}
SQUEEZE VOLUME CALCULATION
Injection Ratio
Injection ratio = (Injection rate in BPM) / (Pump pressure in psi)

LOW INJECTIVITY formation shall be defined as an injection ratio less than or equal to 0.009
A MEDIUM INJECTIVITY formation shall be defined as an injection ratio greater than 0.009 but less than 0.09.
A HIGH INJECTIVITY formation shall be defined as an injection ratio equal to or greater than 0.1 or any well
that takes cement on a vacuum
 High Injectivity Formation: the CIF ≥ 0.3 Cuft/ perforation hole and estimate TOC shall
be 50’ above top of squeeze interval.
 Medium Injectivity Formation: the CIF range 0.2 - 0.3 Cuft/ perforation hole and
estimate TOC shall be 50’ above top of squeeze interval.
 Low Injectivity Formation: the CIF range 0 - 0.2 Cuft/ perforation hole Estimate TOC
shall be 30’ above top of squeeze interval.

Squeeze Vol. (bbl) = [length perforation (ft) x CIF (cuft/shoot) x SPF] x 0.1781 (bbl/cuft)