INTRODUCTION

 Definition - Air conditioning is the process of

altering the properties of air to more favorable
conditions.
 The control of these conditions may be desirable to
maintain the health and comfort of the occupants, or
to meet the requirements of industrial processes
irrespective of the external climatic conditions
PRINCIPLES OF AIR-CONDITIONING
 The goal is to keep it more comfortable inside the house than it is
outside.
TYPE OF AIR-CONDITIONING
1) Window air-conditioning system
2) Split air-conditioning system
3) Centralised air-conditioning system
4) Package air-conditioning system
 1) Windows Air-conditioning System
 Window air conditioners are one of the most commonly
used and cheapest type of air conditioners.
 To install one of these units, you need the space to make
a slot in the wall, and there should also be some open
space behind the wall.
 Window air-conditioner units are reliable and simple-
to-install solution to keep a room cool while avoiding
the costly construction of a central air system.
 Better yet, when the summer heat dies down, these
units can be easily removed for storage, and you can use
the window sill for other purpose
 2) Split Air-Conditioning System
 The split air conditioner comprises of two parts: the
outdoor unit and the indoor unit.
 The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses
components like the compressor, condenser and
expansion valve.
 The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling coil
and the cooling fan. For this unit you don’t have to make
any slot in the wall of the room.
 Further, the present day split units have aesthetic looks
and add to the beauty of the room. The split air
conditioner can be used to cool one or two rooms
 3) Centralised Air-Conditioning System
 The central air conditioning plants or the systems are used when
large buildings, hotels, theaters, airports, shopping malls etc. are
to be air conditioned completely.
 The window and split air conditioners are used for single rooms
or small office spaces.
 If the whole building is to be cooled it is not economically viable
to put window or split air conditioner in each and every room.
 4) Packaged Air-Conditioning System
 The window and split air conditioners are usually used
for the small air conditioning capacities up to 5 tons.
 The central air conditioning systems are used for where
the cooling loads extend beyond 20 tons.
 The packaged air conditioners are used for the cooling
capacities in between these two extremes.
 The packaged air conditioners are available in the fixed
rated capacities of 3,5, 7, 10 and 15 tons.
 These units are used commonly in places like
restaurants, telephone exchanges, homes, small halls,
etc.
Compressor
-Inhaling the refrigerant from
the suction channel
- Compressing to the
discharge channel.
Cold refrigerant vapor and low
pressure
Evaporator
-Liquid turns to vapor
-Cold air flows out room

Hot refrigerant vapor and

high pressure
Cold refrigerant vapor and low
pressure
Condenser
-Remove heat from condenser
-Refrigerant vapor turn to liquid.
Expansion Valve
-Low the temperature and
pressure of liquid
Hot refrigerant vapor and -Control the flow rate in
high pressure -to the evaporator.
THE COOLANT
 Heat is removed from the cooling by coolant.
 Functions as a heat absorber from the evaporator
 Good coolant must have features ;
1. Non toxic
2. Not explosive
3. Non-corrosive components
TONN OF REFRIGERATION
 It is the amount of heat required to given out for the production
of 1 tonn of ice in 24 hrs from water at 0O .
 The cycle of refrigeration consist of compresser, condenser,
collector, expansion valve, evaporator, or cooling coils and back
to compressor.
CAPACITY OF AC SUITABLITY IN PACKAGE UNIT SUITABLITY IN
UNIT TERMS OF AREA TERMS OF AREA
5 TR 80 SQ M
1 TR 15 SQ M
7.5 TR 120 SQ M
1.5 TR 25 SQ M 10 TR 160 SQ M
2 TR 30 SQ M 15 TR 250 SQ M
[Throw of air from ac unit is upto 5m distance]
Central AC plant is required above 20 tonns of refrigeration for areas above 500 sq m.
A central Ac plant with 15 tons refrigeration requires 50 sqm. with a clear height of 3.2m upto beam
soffit.
For 100 TR, w70 sqm area required with clear height upto beam soffit of 3.5

• The features of the air handling unit in each floor.

• A centralised cooling or chilling plant.
• Floorwise provision of airhandling unit which is also known as weather maker room.
• The AHU should have an area of 4.5 sqm for every hundred sqm area to be air conditioned and
clear height of 3m upto the clear bottom.
• The AHU should have a separate fresh air inlet at a rate of 0.3 sqm per tonn of refrigerator.
• The AHU slab should be designed for a load of 1800 kg/sqcm.
• The AHU contains beside fresh air inlet a blow unit and a netwoork of cooling coils wherein the
fresh air is bloom directly into the rooms or main AC duct leading to various rooms through
branch ducts.
• AHU should have a single leaf door opening outside. The shutter should be acoustically treated.
• The floor should be smooth with a nahani trap outlet.
• Each AHU serving 500 sqm area requires a size of 4.5 x 4.5 x 3m.
• Separate AHU should beprovided for areawise zones and the AHU should be as close as possible
to zone.
• Each AHU has to have a separate fresh air area which should not open out in polluted areas.
• The ACs ducts are made of more GI sheets or Aluminium sheets suitably insulated with non-
combustible material such as glass or asbestos wool
• all these ducts should be properly secured to the walls on the ceiling
• Water required for AC plant is 18 to 20 litres per tonne per hour taking into consideration 15
to 20% evaporation losses in cooling plants and towers.