FORCE AND MOTION

 In Grade 7 you learned ways by which

motion of an object can be describe:
 Change in position
 Change in direction
 Change in speed and acceleration.
 In this module students will now study

the motion of objects using the concept

of force.
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 describe the effects of forces on an

object and
 determine the relationship between
the net force acting on an object and
 Its acceleration due to this force.
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 Key questions for this module

 Do forces always result in motion?

 What are the conditions for an

object to stay at rest?

 to keep moving at constant velocity,

 or to move with increasing velocity?

 How is force related to

acceleration?
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 Misconceptions related to force and
motion:
– If an object stays at rest, there is no
force acting upon it.
– An object continues to move at
constant velocity because a
constant force acts on it.
– If the speed of an object increases,
its acceleration also increases.
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 Misconceptions related to force
and motion (cont..)
– Objects move because they
have a force; they stop when
their force is already used up.
– (Force is thought to be a
property of a material)
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 Elicit students’ prior knowledge of force and motion.
 Questions such as the following may be asked.

 What makes objects move the way

they do?
 Why do objects move in different
ways?
 Why are some objects faster than the
others?
 What makes objects stay in place?
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Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
Simple Activity (Concept of Force)
 Place a book or any object on top of a
table:
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Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

Consider again this book

here on top of the table.
Since this ball stays at
rest.
(meaning it does not
change its motion)
Can we say that there
is/are no force/s acting on
it?
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Let the students answer the following:
 Will this object move by itself?
 How can we make this object move?
 While it is moving, how can we make
the object speed up or slow down?
 How can make it stop?
 How can we make it change its
direction?
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peed up, slow Asks students to describe
or demonstrate how they can achieve
the given conditions above. This will
lead them to realize that to make the
object move; down, stop, or
 change its direction, it has to be
pushed or pulled.

 The motion of an object can be

changed if we apply FORCE on it.
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 Consider again this book
here on top of the table.
 Since this book stays at
rest (meaning it does not
change its motion)
 can we say that
 there is/are no force/s
acting on it?
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Activity I
In this activity, you are asked to
identify the forces acting on
objects at rest.
Do the activity in group of 5 and
everybody must participate.
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Forces on objects at rest
I. Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should
be able to identify the forces acting on
an object at rest.
Materials:
Pen pair of scissors
Book string
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Forces on objects at rest
II. Procedure
Situation 1
1.Hang a pen by a piece of
string as shown in Figure
3a.
Q1. Is the pen at rest or in Figure 3a. Hanging
pen
motion?
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Q2. Are there forces

acting on the pen? If
yes, draw the forces.
You may use arrows to
represent these forces.
Figure 3a. Hanging
pen
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2.Cut the string with a pair

of scissors.
Q3. What happens to the
pen?
What could have caused
the pen’s motion? Figure 3a. Hanging
pen
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Situation 2
1.Place a book on top of a
table as shown.
Q4. Is the book at rest or in
motion?
Q5. Are there forces acting on Figure: 3b
the book?
If yes, draw the forces acting
on the book.
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Situation 2
2. Let one member of your
group push the book in one
direction and another member
push it in the opposite
direction at the same time with Figure: 3b
the same amount of push
(force).
Q6. Did the book move? How
will you make the book move?
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Situation 2
In the situations above,
both the pen and the book
are at rest. But this does
not mean that there are
no forces acting on them.
So what causes them to
stay in place? Figure: 3b
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Post Activity Discussion
Show or cite examples that demonstrate
the presence of the force of gravity on
Earth.
What is gravitational force?
Gravitational force is the attraction
between any two bodies with mass.
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Post Activity Discussion
- Gravitational force increases with mass.
If the mass of either object increases, the
gravitational force between them also
increases.
- As the Earth attracts objects around it,
these objects also attract the Earth.
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Post Activity Discussion
But the Earth is much more massive than
them that is why their attraction is not as
great as the gravitational pull of the
Earth.
- All things on Earth fall (or are attracted)
towards the center of the Earth.
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Post Activity Discussion

- As the Earth attracts objects around it,
these objects also attract the Earth.
But the Earth is much more massive
than them that is why their attraction is
not as great as the gravitational pull of
the Earth.
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Post Activity Discussion

- All things on Earth fall (or are
attracted) towards the center of the
Earth.
 Answer to Activity I

Situation 1: Hanging pen

Q1. The pen is at rest.
Q2. Yes. The forces acting
on the pen are the tension
force (the force exerted by
the string on the pen) and
the force of gravity.
 Answer to Activity I

Situation 1:
Q3.When the string was
cut, the pen falls to the
ground.
The force of gravity makes
the object fall down.
 Answer to Activity I
Situation 2:
Book on a table
Q4. The book is at rest.
Q5. Yes. The forces acting
on the book are the force
exerted by the table on the
book and the force of
gravity.
 Answer to Activity I
Situation 2:
Q6. No, the book stays at
rest.
The book may be moved
by pushing it on one side
only.
Thank You!!!