This document discusses different types of rotating electrical machines including generators, motors, rotary converters, and frequency converters. It provides details on how generators and motors work, specifically focusing on direct current generators and motors. Generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy using electromagnets and an armature winding, while motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using the same components. The document also discusses different types of excitation for direct current generators and motors, including shunt, series, and compound configurations.
This document discusses different types of rotating electrical machines including generators, motors, rotary converters, and frequency converters. It provides details on how generators and motors work, specifically focusing on direct current generators and motors. Generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy using electromagnets and an armature winding, while motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using the same components. The document also discusses different types of excitation for direct current generators and motors, including shunt, series, and compound configurations.
This document discusses different types of rotating electrical machines including generators, motors, rotary converters, and frequency converters. It provides details on how generators and motors work, specifically focusing on direct current generators and motors. Generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy using electromagnets and an armature winding, while motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using the same components. The document also discusses different types of excitation for direct current generators and motors, including shunt, series, and compound configurations.
This document discusses different types of rotating electrical machines including generators, motors, rotary converters, and frequency converters. It provides details on how generators and motors work, specifically focusing on direct current generators and motors. Generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy using electromagnets and an armature winding, while motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy using the same components. The document also discusses different types of excitation for direct current generators and motors, including shunt, series, and compound configurations.
Rotating electrical machines are widely used for the purpose of
converting energy from one form to the other. There are four types of rotating electrical machines namely: Generator Motors Rotary Converters Frequency Converters Electric Generators - when in operation, is driven mechanical machine usually called as prime mover. The latter may be a steam turbine, a gasoline engine, an electric motor, or even a hand operated crank. Generators consists essentially of two important parts: even sets of electromagnetics or permanent magnets Armature winding In the direct current generators; the armature winding is mechanically rotated through the stationary magnetic field created by the electromagnets or permanent magnets Electric Motor – when in operation, is supplied with electrical energy and develops torque, that is a tendency to produce rotation. If the motor free to turn, it will do so and cause mechanical rotation of itself and its application Rotary Converter – is a rotating machines that change electrical energy of one form into electrical energy of another form, the usual arrangement is to change a-c energy into d-c energy, although the reverse is sometimes done. To accomplish this remarkable change, the input (a-c energy) is first converted into mechanical energy, thereby converting mechanical energy into d-c electrical energy. Frequency Converter – a machine whose function is to change a-c electrical energy at one frequency into a-c electrical energy at another frequency. In the usual arrangement for such a change of frequency, two rotating machines are directly coupled together; one of them operates as an a-c motor when connected to an a-c source having a given frequency, while the other, driven, machine function as an a-c generator to deliver electrical at some other frequency. The armature windings of all types of motor and generators are always laminated wound on laminated steel cores of good magnetic permeability. The current in the armature windings of all motors and generators, whether of direct or alternating current, is always alternating. In the direct current generators, the generated electromotive is first rectified by the commutator and its brushes, to change to direct current,, before it is transmitted to the load. In the direct current motors, however, direct current is delivered to the brushes but flows as alternating current in the armature winding after passing the brushes and commutator. The electromagnetics (field poles) are always an even number in a given machine, and each one consists of a laminated steel core, of rectangular cross section, surrounded by one or more copper coils. There are only two general types of direct current generator. They are distinguished by the way in the flux is produced by the electromagnets. Shunt Generator. If the excitation is produced by a single winding connected to its own positive and negative brushes, the machine is called a self-excited shunt generator, or , briefly, a shunt generator. In some special cases in which the excitation is produced by a single winding connected to the positive and negative bus bars fed by another d-c generator, the machine is called a separately-excited shunt generator. Compound Generator. The second type of generator has two complete sets of field winding for excitation purposes: shunt field series field Both field winding are placed over one set of pole cores and act together to create a common set of magnetic fluxes. Such a machine is called a compound generator. It is customary for a direct current generator; whether shunt or compound, to operate at a speed that remains substantially constant at all times. The speed of the generator is determined and controlled by the machine that drives it, that is, its prime mover. Therefore, if the prime mover is a constant-speed machine such as turbine, a steam engine, a water wheel or a synchronous motor, the generator speed will be constant. There are three general types of direct current motor, and these, like direct current generators, are classified on the basis of the kind of excitation used. Shunt motor is a motor which has a high resistance field winding of many turns of fine wire and connected in parallel with the armature. A Series motor has extremely low-resistance field winding of very few turns of heavy wire and connected in series with the armature. Compound motor is a machine that is excited by a combination of a shunt field (many turns of fine wire) connected in shunt with the armature and a series field (few turns of heavy wire) in series with the armature.