International Opportunities for Entrepreneur

Globalization and Entrepreneur

Entrepreneur

-“Entrepreneurship is a combination of innovative,

proactive, and risk-seeking behavior” (Covin & Slevin,
1989; Miller, 1983)

-“Examination of how, by whom, and with what effects

opportunities to create future goods and services are
discovered, evaluated, and exploited” (Shane &
Venkataraman, 2000)
 International Opportunities of Entrepreneur

Globalization and Entrepreneur

International Entrepreneurship

- is a combination of innovative, proactive, and risk-seeking

behavior that crosses national borders and is intended to
create value in organizations. (McDougall & Oviatt, 2000)
International Opportunities of Entrepreneur

Globalization and Entrepreneur

- Small businesses have actually been one of the main

drivers of global integration (Kurlantzick, 2003).

- Between the years 1987 and 1999, small businesses

tripled in number as exporters in the US

- By 1997, 97 percent of American exporters were small

businesses, though small exporters still only accounted for
one-third of total United States export sales (Kurlantzick,
2003).
 International Opportunities of Entrepreneur
Globalization and Entrepreneur

Evolution of Business Enterprise

- From independent units of production and distribution in

mid-nineteenth century into large, integrated, and
diversified, multinational corporations in the early twentieth
century (Chandler, 1986)

- New technologies such as railroads, steamships, and the

telegraph were essential to that evolution
 International Opportunities of Entrepreneur

Globalization and Entrepreneur

Theories of Firm Internationalization

- Product Life Cycle (Vernon, 1966)

-Traditional Incremental Type (Uppsala Model by Johanson and

Valne, 1977)

- Born Globals or International New Ventures

 International Opportunities of Entrepreneur

Globalization and Entrepreneur

Drivers to Globalization of Entrepreneurs

-explosive growth of low-cost technology connecting

people and locations

-dismantling of trade barriers and financial deregulation

-economic restructuring
 International Opportunities of Entrepreneur
Globalization and Entrepreneur

International Trade Issues

-Increasing protectionist attitudes

-Trade blocs and free trade areas

 International Opportunities of Entrepreneur
Globalization and Entrepreneur
Some Factors to Consider Before Going Global

1. Total Landed Cost.

2. Product Quality.
3. Logistics Capability.
4. Location.
5. Trade Regulations
6. Finances
7. Time to Market/Responsiveness of Supplier.
8. Value Added Services.
9. Communication/IT capabilities.
10. Human toll.