CFB Boiler Simple Schematic Diagram

Components of CFB Boilers

 Wind box and Grid Nozzle
 Bottom ash drain
 HP blower
 Cyclone Separator
 Evaporative or Superheat wing walls
 Fuel feeding system
 Refractory
 Solid Recycle System
 Wall tubes
 Kickout
 Limestone and Sand System
Wind box and Grid nozzle
 Primary air is fed into
wind box. Air is
equally distributed on
furnace cross section
by passing through
the grid nozzle. This
will help mixing of air
and fuel for complete
combustion
Bottom Ash Drain ( Slag coolers )
 Coarse size of ash that
is not take away from
furnace by fluidizing air
will be drain at bottom
ash drain port locating
on grid nozzle floor by
gravity. bottom ash will
be cooled and conveyed
to silo by cooling
conveyor.
HP Blowers ( High Pressure Fluidizing Fans )
 Supply high pressure air
to fluidize bed material
in loop seal so that it can
overflow to furnace.
Cyclone Separators
 Located after furnace
exit and before
convective part. Use to
provide circulation by
trapping coarse
particle back to the
furnace Fluidized
boiler without this
would be BFB not CFB
Evaporative or Superheat Wing Walls
 Located on upper zone of furnace it can be both of
evaporative or SH panel lower portion covered by
erosion resistant materials
Coal Feeding System ( Coal Feeders )
 solid fuel is fed into the
lower zone of furnace
through the screw
conveyor cooling with
combustion air.
Number of feeding port
depend on the size of
boiler
Refractory
 refractory is used to
protect the pressure
part from serious
erosion zone such
as lower bed,
cyclone separator
Solid Recycle System ( Loop Seal )
 Loop seal is located
between dip leg of
separator and furnace.
Its design physical is
similar to furnace
which have air box
and nozzle to
distribute air.
Distributed air from
HP blower initiate
fluidization. Solid
behave like a fluid
then over flow back to
the furnace.
Wall Tubes
 Located along the wall
of the furnace.
Contains saturated
water from the
bottom part of the
steam drum and
absorbs the heat from
the combustion
process.
Kickout
 kick out is referred to
interface zone between
the end of lower zone
refractory and water
tube. It is design to
protect the erosion by
by-passing the interface
from falling down bed
materials
Limestone and Sand System
 Sand is normally fed
by gravitation from
silo in order to
maintain bed
pressure. Its flow
control by speed of
rotary screw.
 lime stone is
pneumatically feed
or gravitational feed
into the furnace
slightly above fuel
feed port. the
objective is to
reduce SOx
emission
Some other common parts of Boilers
 Primary Air Fan
 Secondary Air Fan
 Induced Draft Fan
 Heat Recovery Area
Primary Air Fan
 Gives the furnace the air
required for fluidization
process and supports the
secondary air fan for
required air during
combustion process.
Secondary Air Fan
 Commonly similar to
primary air fan in
structure but is different
in actual use.
 It primarily gives the
furnace the air required
for combustion process.
Induced Draft Fan
 Gives the furnace a below
atmospheric pressure for safer
operation and directs the flue
gases to the smoke stack.
Heat Recovery Area
 An additional area of the
boiler which increases the
heat transfer efficiency by
utilizing the flue gases
being directed by the IDF.