INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS

THAT DEFINED SOCIETY

It has been established that most, if not all, of the
discoveries and inventions in science and technology
during each time period were due to human needs and
wants.
 There have also been instances when advancements in
science and technology changed people’s perceptions and
beliefs. Much of these events happened in a period now
known as the Intellectual Revolution.
Nicolaus Copernicus
(1473-1543)
HELIOCENTRIC MODEL
Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton
REVOLUTION
CHARLES

(1809-1882)

Populations pass through a process of

natural selection in which only the fittest
would survive.

Organisms have the ability to adapt to

their environment and would gradually
change into something that would be more
competitive to survive
C̀HARLES CHURCH
CHARLES CHURCH

EVOLUTION SUMBONG KO
TEAM APES AHHH MGA
PARIN MGA &@%! KAYO KAY
UNGGOY!
LORD.
 Evolution
 A species is a population of organisms that interbreeds
and has fertile offspring.
 Living organisms have descended with modifications
from species that lived before them
More organisms are produced than can survive because of limited
resources.

Organisms struggle for the necessities of life; there is competition for

resources.

Individuals within a population vary in their traits; some of these

traits are heritable -- passed on to offspring.
Some variants are better adapted to survive and reproduce under local
conditions than others.

Better-adapted individuals (the "fit enough") are more likely to

survive and reproduce, thereby passing on copies of their genes to the
next generation.

Species whose individuals are best adapted survive; others become

extinct.
REVOLUTION
 SIGMUND

(1856-1939)

There are many conscious and

unconscious factors that can influence
behavior and emotions.

He argued that personality is a product of

three conflicting elements: id, ego and
superego
SIGMUND

(1856-1939)
 SIGMUND

(1856-1939)

The EGO operates according to the reality

principle, working out realistic ways of
satisfying the id’s demands, often
compromising or postponing satisfaction
to avoid negative consequences of society.

The ego considers social realities and

norms, etiquette and rules in deciding how
to behave.
 SIGMUND

(1856-1939)

Like the id, the EGO seeks pleasure and

avoids pain, but unlike the id, the ego is
concerned with devising a realistic
strategy to obtain pleasure.

The EGO has no concept of right or wrong;

something is good simply if it achieves its
end of satisfying without causing harm to
itself or the id.
 SIGMUND

(1856-1939)

The ID is the personality component made

up of unconscious psychic energy that
works to satisfy basic urges, needs, and
desires.

The ID operates based on the pleasure

principle, which demands immediate
gratification of needs.
 SIGMUND

(1856-1939)

The SUPEREGO is the ethical component

of the personality and provides the moral
standards by which the ego operates.

The SUPEREGO's criticisms, prohibitions,

and inhibitions form a person's
conscience, and its positive aspirations
and ideals represent one's idealized self-
image, or “ego ideal.”
SIGMUND

(1856-1939)
SIGMUND

(1856-1939)
INFORMATION REVOLUTION
( Late 20th Century )

• Also known as “computer age”

• Technology has been prevalent
 Christhopher Latham
Alan Turing’s Machine
Sholes’ Typewriter

Johannes
Gutenberg’s
printing press in Charles Babbage’s
1455 analytical engine
 N
W E
S

MESOAMERICA
 MESOAMERICA
It refers to a geographical and cultural area which extends
from central Mexico down through Central America.
 MILITARY

Most wars were

fought with 500-
1000 men with
the emphasis on
the battle of the
elites.
MILITARY
 The Mayans and Aztecs have  They had rarely used metal but
developed weapons like spears they used MACUAHUITL
and arrows that were made of primarily in the first millennium.
stone.
AGRICULTURE

The Aztecs have used

Chinampas or small
rectangular area of
fertile land that were
used to grow crops in
shallow lakebeds of the
Mexican valley.
 GAMES

TLACHTLI is a This game is

basketball like usually credited as
game where two the first team
Prisoners of War game to have used
teams play a ball made of
against each other rubber.
to stay alive.
CURRENCY
Meso-American cultures
used dried cocoa beans
as a form of currency.

Like salt in Europe,

cocoa was a rare
accommodation and so
making it valuable.
 TIME

The Mayans and Aztecs

have practically mapped
the night sky without
using telescopes and used
this knowledge to
accurately make a
calendar.
BOOKKEEPING

Incas in particular
have used QUIPOS or
knotted cords as a
form of book keeping.
CIVIL SERVICE
Another Incan invention is
the MIT’A system of public
service system.

The mandatory system was

used for:
• Construction
• Cultivation
• Textile Production
 N
W E
S

ASIA
 ASIA
The world's largest and most diverse continent located primarily
in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.
MEDICINE

The Traditional Chinese

medicine includes herbs
that were somewhat
effective, yet they also
practice the pseudoscience
of ACUPUNCTURE.
INVENTIONS
 The GUNPOWDER is a mix
of chemical substances, amd
it is used primarily in
firearms, burns very
quickly, and creates gases.
 The COMPASS is a device
having a magnetic needle
that indicates direction on
the earth's surface by
pointing toward the north.
INVENTIONS
 PAPER MAKING PROCESS
was invented around 100 CE,
during the Han dynasty,
when the national civil service
was set up.
 PRINTING PRESS is a
mechanical device for applying
pressure to an inked surface
resting upon a print medium,
thereby transferring the ink.
Middle East
Noira or Watermill

The Arab applied the Romans’

principles and improved the
watermill known as Noira.
Windmill & IRRIGATION
The book of Badic al-Zama ibn al-Razaz al-Jazari describe
candle and water clocks, clock vessels, fountains and
automata.
The book written by Taqi
al-Din ibn Maruf al-Rashid
al-Dimashqi explain steam
power and a blueprint of a
six piston pump.
Hasan Ibn al-Haytham

An Arab
mathematician,
astronomer, and
physicist of the
Islamic Golden Age.
Father of Optics
Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

Concept of Algorithm
and algebra
AFRICA
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

Development of Geometry

Center of Alchemy

Human Anatomy
 Kola Nuts

Africa is known for the

production of kola nuts
and Coffee.
Africans used plants with salicylic acid
for pain and for diarrhea.