PRESENTED BY:-

BIDYUT PRAVA KISHAN

ALISHA PANDA
 INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS MIX DESIGN?
 TYPES OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
 OBJECTIVES
 CONCEPT OF MIX DESIGN
 ADVANTAGES
 MIX DESIGN PROPORTIONING
 EXAMPLE
 One of the ultimate aims of studying the various properties
of the materials of concrete, plastic concrete and
hardened concrete, is to enable a concrete technologist to
design a concrete mix for a particular strength and
durability.
 Design of concrete mix requires complete knowledge of
the various properties of these constituent materials,
these make the task of mix design more complex and
difficult.
The process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determining
their relative quantities with the objective of producing a concrete of the
required strength, durability, workability and economically as possible, is
termed as the concrete mix design.
1. Nominal Concrete Mix
Nominal concrete mix are low
grade concrete mixes which are
used for small and unimportant
works. In this method, fine
aggregate quantity is fixed
irrespective of cement and coarse
aggregate proportions. Hence, the
quality of concrete mix will be
varied and required strength may
not be obtained.
2. Designed Concrete Mix
The designed concrete mix does not
contain any specified ranges in
proportions. The design is done
according to the requirements of
concrete strength. So, we can
achieve the desirable properties of
concrete either it is in fresh stage or
in hardened stage.
 The first object is to achieve the stipulated minimum strength
and durability.
 The second object is to make the concrete in the most
economical mannner.
 To obtain the desired/designed workability in the plastic
stage.
 Performing most optimally in the given structure under given
conditions of environment.
 Since the properties of concrete are governed to a
considerable extent by the quality of paste, it is helpful to
consider more closely the structure of the paste. With
the given materials, the four variable factors to be
considered in connection with specifying a concrete mix
are
(a ) Water-Cement ratio
(b ) Cement content or cement-aggregate ratio
(c ) Gradation of the aggregates
(d ) Consistency
 The advantages of concrete mix design are as follows:
i. Required Proportions of Each ingredient
ii. Quality Concrete Mix
iii. Economical Concrete Mix
iv. Best Use of Locally Available Material
v. Desired Properties of Mix
 Grade of concrete
 Maximum size of aggregate
 Minimum cement content
 Maximum water-cement ratio
 Workability in terms of slump
 Exposure conditions
 Maximum temperature at the pouring point
 Grading zone of fine aggregate
 Type of aggregate
 Maximum cement content
 What type of admixture is used- Brand name
 Specific gravity of all the materials used and dosage
STEP-1:
Target mean strength:
Ft =Fck+ 1.65s
Where,
Ft = target avg. compressive strength at 28 days
Fck= characteristic compressive strength at 28days
S= standard deviation
Selection of water cement ratio:
From Table 5 of IS 456, Chose a W/C ratio
STEP-2:
Selection of free water content and percentage of fine aggregate:
The approximate amount of entrapped air or air content is selected from the table for the
maximum nominal size of the coarse aggregate to be used.
The water content and % of fine aggregate by absolute volume are selected from the table
for medium and high strength concretes for standard reference conditions.
The water content and % of fine aggregate in total aggregate selected previously is adjusted
as per table for any difference in the workability,w/c ratio , grading of fine aggregate and
type of coarse aggregate from the standard reference.
STEP-3:
Selection of cement content:
Minimum cement content = final water content after adjustments / (free water-
cement ratio)
FROM TABLE 5 IS 456
STEP-4:
Computation of total absolute volume of coarse aggregate and fine
aggregate content:
The total absolute volume of coarse aggregate and fine aggregate is computed by
substracting . The quantities of air , water and cement calculated in step 2 and 3
from a unit volume of concrete.
Va=10 –[ V+ {W/1000} + {C/Sc*1000 }]
Where, W = Mass of water
C= Mass of cement
V= Air content
Sc= Specific gravity of cement
STEP-5:
Determination of fine and coarse aggregate content:
Using % of sand and total absolute volume of fine aggregate and that of coarse
aggregate per unit.
STEP-6:
Adjustment for aggregate moisture and determination of final proportion:
Since aggregates are batched on actual weight basic adjustment is made in the
amount of mixing water to be added to take into account the absorption and the
current moisture content to generate the equivalent of saturate surface dry
condition of the aggregate.
STEP-7:
Preparation of trail batches and testing:
Prepare a trail batch having the proportions obtain above and cast three 150 mm
size cubes.
Test the wet cubes after 28 days moist curing and check for the strength. The
actual mix proportion are arrived at after testing trail mixes with suitable
adjustment till the final mix proportions are arrived at.
Design a concrete mix for M45 grade of concrete with the following data:
Type of cement OPC 43 grade
Maximum size of aggregate 20mm
Exposure condition Severe (RCC)
Workability 125mm slump
Minimum cement content 320 kg/m3
Maximum w/c ratio 0.45
Method of placing Pumping
Type of aggregate Crushed angular aggregate
Super Plasticizer will be used
Sp. Gr. Of coarse aggregate 2.80
Sp.gr. of fine aggregate 2.70
Water absorption
 Coarse aggregate 0.5%
 Fine aggregate 0.1%
Grading of coarse aggregate conforming to table 2
Grading of fine aggregate conforming to zone 2
Free Surface Moisture
 Coarse Aggregate NIL
 Fine Aggregate NIL
SOLUTION :
Target mean strength:
Target mean strength = Ft = Fck+1.65 S
45+1.65*5 =53.25N/mm2
Water cement ratio :
The water cement ratio is to be selected both from strength consideration and the maximum w/c
denoted table 5 of IS456
Let assume w/c ratio 0.42
Selection of water content :
Mamimum water content as per table is 186 litre. This is for 50mm slump. Estimated water
content for 125 mm slump = 186*(9/100)+186 =203 litre
(3% increase for every 25 mm slump over and above 50 mm slump )
In the absence of such trail, it is assumed that the efficiency super plasticizer used as 25%.
Therefore actual water to be used = 203*0.75 = 152 litre
Calculation of cement content :
W/C ratio = 0.42
Water used = 152 litre
Cement content = W/C = 0.42
C= 152/0.42 = 362kg/m3
As the calculated cement 362kg/m3 is more than minimum cement mentioned in table 5 as IS
456 is 320kg/m3. The cement content should accepted.
Calculation of coarse and fine aggregate content :
From table volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20 mm size aggregate and fine
aggregate zone 2 , for w/c ratio 0.50 is found out to be 0.62 .
The coarse aggregate is increased at the rate of 0.01 for every decrease in w/c ratio 0.05
= (.01/.05)*.08 = 0.016
Volume of C.A. = 0.62
= 90.016/0.636
Therefore corrected proportion of volume of C.A. = 0.636
Since it is angular aggregate and the concrete is to be pumped , the coarse aggregate can
be reduced by 10%
Therefore final volume of coarse aggregate = 0.636*0.9 = 0.57
Therefore volume of fine aggregate 1 – 0.57 = 0.43
Calculation of mix proportions :
Volume of concrete 1 m3
Absolute volume of cement = ( 362/3.15 )* ( 1/1000 ) m3
= 0.115 m3
Volume of water = 152 litre = 0.152 m3
Volume of chemical admixture =( 1.2*362 )\ ( 100*1.1 ) * ( 1/1000 ) m3
= 0.004 m3
(assuming dosage of 1.2 % by weight of cementitious material and assuming specific gravity of
admixture as 1.1 )
Absolute volume of all the materials except total aggregates = 0.115+0.152+0.004 =0.271 m3
Absolute volume of total aggregate = 1 – 0.271 = 0.729 m3
Weight of coarse aggregate = 0.729*0.57*2.80*1000 = 1163 kg/m3
Weight of fine aggregate = 0.729*0.43*2.70*1000 = 846 kg/m3

Mix proportion for trial number 1

Cement 362 kg/m3
Water 152 kg/m3
Fine aggregate 846 kg/m3
Coarse aggregate 1163 kg/m3
Chemical admixture 4 kg/m3
Wet density of concrete 2527 kg/m3
w/c ratio 0.42
 what is concrete mix design and describe its
types?
 What are the objectives of concrete mix
design ?
 What are the advantages of concrete mix
design?
 Write down steps of concrete mix design with
an example?