The PON

Syndicate 7

Bhanu Garg
Story…… Geken Ette
Romita Razdan
Jitender Singh
Jitendar Yadav
Ankit Anand
 BACKHAUL
 Backhaul is the process of transmitting information to a
central point from which it can be distributed over a network.

 Backhaul services allow telecommunications carriers and

Internet service providers to aggregate data (such as Internet
traffic and phone calls) to a centralised location in a town or
region, then connect that location to even bigger sites (hubs).

 Backhaul services:
◦ carry traffic in bulk for telecommunications carriers
◦ often connect traffic across long distances
◦ usually carry traffic on a "point-to-point" basis, without making complex
switching decisions about where to send the traffic
 Requirements
SCALABILITY REQIREMENTS
◦ Improved customer scalability
◦ IP transport
◦ Base stations
◦ Base station site interconnect technology
Resiliency Requirements
◦ Stability
◦ Predictable low latency data transmission
◦ Multi-vendor interoperability
◦ Optimized bandwidth plan
Economic requirements
◦ Cost effective
◦ Simplified provisioning
◦ Automated network monitoring
BACKHAUL
Backhaul in uncovered areas
Alternative Backhaul
TYPES OF OPTICAL NETWORKS
 There are two types of Optical Networks –

 1.Active Optical Network [ AON ]

 2.Passive Optical Network [ PON ]

 PON Standards –

 1. APON – ATM PON

 2. BPON – BROADBAND PON
 3. EPON – ETHERNET PON
 4. GPON – GIGABIT PON
 ACTIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
1.IT IS A POINT TO POINT NETWORK
STRUCTURE THAT MEANS EACH
SUBSCRIBER HAS ITS OWN FIBRE OPTIC
LINE.
2. IT REQUIRES AN EXTERNAL POWER
SUPPLY PLUS BATTERY FOR
EMERGENCY PURPOSES.
3. BANDWITH ALLOCATED CAN BE
BETWEEN 100Mbps TO 1Gbps.
4. IT LASTS UPTO RANGE OF 70 Km
WITHOUT REPEATERS.
 PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK
1.IT IS THE LEADING TECHNOLOGY USED IN FTTx
DEPLOYMENT.
2.IT A POINT TO MULTIPOINT [P2MP] TOPOLOGY AND
USES SINGLE OPTICAL FIBRE TO SERVE MULTIPLE
PREMISES USUALLY BETWEEN 32 TO 128.
3. MAXIMUM RANGE IS UTO 20 Km
4.IT IS UPTO CUSTOMER’S SYSTEM TO DETERMINE
WHICH PACKETS ARE FOR THAT PARTICULAR
CUSTOMER AND THE REST ARE DISCARDED.
5.IT HAS TOTAL CAPACITY OF 2.5Gbps.
6.IT USES WDM FOR TRANSMITTING DIFFERENT
WAVELENTHS SIMULTANEOUSLY.
COMPARISON OF AON Vs PON
AON PON
1.BANDWIDTH –
IT HAS BANDWIDTH OF
IT HAS AN EDGE BECAUSE
78Mbps WITH 1:32
OF ITS FLEXIBILITY WITH SPLITTER AND 39 Mbps
RANGE BETWEEN WITH 1:64 SPLITTER.
100Mbps AND 1Gbps.

2.RISK OF
EAVESDROPPING –
DUE TO DEDICATED FIBRE THE DATA IS ENCRYPTED
NETWORK IT IS NOT STILL IT IS POSSIBLE TO
DO SO.
POSSIBLE.
 AON PON
3.RELIABILITY OF
SUBSCRIBER LINE –
IF CONNECTION IS CUT IN THIS CASE ONLY ONE
HERE SEVERAL OPTICS OPTICAL FIBRE HAS TO BE
ARE INTERRUPTED AND MAINTAINED.
REQUIRE TO BE REPAIRD.

4. COST OF NETWORK
TOPOLOGY –
LOW AS ONLY ONE OLT IS
HIGH BECAUSE OF
SHAREDBY n NUMBER OF
GREATER NUMBER OF SUBSCRIBERS BECAUSE OF
SUBSCRIBER INTERFACES. PASSIVE SPLITTER USED.
 AON PON
5. SPACE REQUIRED BY
CABLE –
LOW BECAUSE A SINGLE
HIGH BECAUSE OF POINT
CABLE CAN BE UTILIZED
TO POINT CONNECTION.
FROM 32 UPTO 128
SUBSCRIBERS.

6.LEVEL OF
MAINTENANCE –
IT IS HIGH BECAUSE IT IT IS LOW BECAUSE IT
REQUIRES EXTERNAL MAKES USE OF PASSIVE
POWER SUPPLY PLUS SPLITTERS.
TO SUPPLY EMERGENCY
ELECTRICITY.
 AON PON
7 . RANGE –
IT CAN BE USED UPTO IT CAN BE USED UPTO
RANGE OF 70Km WITHOUT RANGE OF ONLY 20Km.
REPEATERS

8. BACKHAUL –
A NORMAL AN A PON INTERFACE BOARD
SUBSCRIBER CAN ONLY BE USED FOR
INTERFACE CAN ALSO BE BACKHAUL JOBS.
USED FOR BACKHAUL
JOBS.
 AON PON

9. TRIPLE PLAY –
IT PROVIDES ADDITIONAL THE USUAL BANDWIDTH
BANDWIDTH RESERVES FOR TRANSMITTING
FOR TRIPLE PLAY. HDTV
CHANNELS IS NOT
SUFFICIENT.

10.ADDITIONAL
SERVICES -
THE INFLEXIBLE
IT CAN BE ADOPTED TO
BANDWIDTH
SUIT FOR INDIVIDUAL
MANAGEMENT IS A
REQUIREMENTS.
PROBLEM.
EPON
Ethernet Passive Optical Network

 Ethernet is most widely used Local Area Network Protocol.

 EPON is IEEE 802.3ah standard.
 EPON uses point to multipoint network topology
 Focuses on fiber-to-the-business (FTTB) and fiber-to-the-
curb (FTTC) solutions
 Long term objective - FTTH
 It Extends the earlier BPON
 BPON systems are based upon ATM as the bearer protocol.
 Downstream transmission is continuous ATM stream at a bit
rate of 155Mbps to 622 Mbps.
 Upstream transmission is in form of burst ATM cells, with a
rate of 155 Mbps.
EPON

Supports only one bit rate, the symmetrical 1.25/1.25 Gbps.

Targeted for the access market, i.e. FTTH
 Provides the interface  Present on the user
between the PON and side, terminates the
the service providers PON and also checks
network services. which data belong to
which node.
 Responsible for  Performs an auto-
allocating upstream
discovery process
bandwidth to the
which includes ranging
ONTs. Because the
and the assignment of
optical distribution
both Logical Link IDs
network (ODN) is
and bandwidth.
shared, ONT upstream
transmissions could
collide.

OLT ONT
Access Method
Ethernet Frame EPON Frame
EPON Downstream
TDMA: Allows several user to share same frequency channel by dividing the signal into diff
time slots.

TDM : digital multiplexing technique for combing several low-rate channels into one high
rate channel

TDMA is a type of Time-division multiplexing, with the special point that instead of having
one transmitter connected to one receiver, there are multiple transmitters.

TDMA TDM
EPON Upstream
GPON
Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network

 It is currently one of the fastest access technologies to attract

market interest.

 GPON combines the BW, quality, and reach of fiber optics with
the service Flexibility of IP to provide a triple play services
over a common infrastructure.

 It is a integral part of a full service broadband architecture,

which is designed to meet the needs of full mobile
convergence and next generation networks across residential
and enterprise service offerings
Voice
Management
System
Data ONU
Other
Video Networks

TDM
ONU
Video/Audio
PABX over IP services
O
1:32(64) Optical PON
L
Splitter
T CATV overlay
services

TDMA
Central
Office IP N/Ws

Data 2G
BTS ONU
0-20 Km physical reach (60 Km
logical reach supported by protocol)
Current GPON system operate with a
bandwidth of 2.5 Gbps towards the
subscriber(Downstream) and 1.25 Gbps
towards the core network(Upstream) on an
OLT port
 GPON uses WDM(wave length division multiplexing)
to provide bi-directional services on a single fiber.

 Downstream service is transmitted between 1480-

1500 nm, and Upstream bandwidth between 1260-
1360nm.
 GPON is based on the Generic Framing
Procedure(GFP) for handling TDM, ATM and ETH
based traffic without additional encapsulation
protocol.

 This leads to a bandwidth efficiency of up to 93%

(in BPON only 70% BW efficiency is reached).
Advantages
 No power
 Scalability and Flexibility
 Bandwidth utilization
 Split ratio 1:32/1:64
 Can be deployed in many network

architecture
 Supports mobile backhaul
 Allows mobile users to use same fiber
 Reduces the number of cables used.
 Comparison

EPON Vs GPON
 ITU-T GPON IEEE EPON
Downstream 2.5 Gbps, 1.25 Gbps 1.25 Gbps
Upstream 1.25 Gbps, 622 Mbps 1.25 Gbps
Split Ratio 1:32, 1:64, 1:128 1:32
Distance 60 Km 20 Km
Overall Efficiency 92% as a result of: NRZ 51% as a result of:
scrambling ( no encoding), 8B/10B encoding(20%) ,
Overhead 8% Overhead(8%)
Revenue BW 2.3 Gbps 640 Mbps
Downward 1490 & 1550 nm 1550nm
Wavelength
Upward 1310 nm 1310 nm
Wavelength
Standards IEEE 802.3ah ITU-T 984 Series
Transmission ATM, Ethernet, TDM Ethernet
TDM Support TDM over Native, TDM over TDM over Packet
 ITU-T GPON IEEE EPON
Downstream 2.5 Gbps, 1.25 Gbps 1.25 Gbps
Upstream 1.25 Gbps, 622 Mbps 1.25 Gbps
Split Ratio 1:32, 1:64, 1:128 1:32
Distance 60 Km 20 Km
Overall Efficiency 92% as a result of: NRZ 51% as a result of:
scrambling ( no encoding), 8B/10B encoding(20%) ,
Overhead 8% Overhead(8%)
Revenue BW 2.3 Gbps 640 Mbps
Downward 1490 & 1550 nm 1550nm
Wavelength
Upward 1310 nm 1310 nm
Wavelength
Standards IEEE 802.3ah ITU-T 984 Series
Transmission ATM, Ethernet, TDM Ethernet
TDM Support TDM over Native, TDM over TDM over Packet
 Bandwidth Utilization

Overall Efficiency
10% TDM, 90%
Data
EPON 51%
GPON 92%
For both protocols
the Overhead
section is only
required in the
upstream
direction. This
facilitates clock
and data recovery
at the OLT, which
receives the burst
transmissions
from the ONTs.
 In EPON, the LLID essentially designates a
particular ONT. In GPON, the Port ID
designates not just an ONT but also a
particular service (e.g. VoIP, IPTV, etc.) within
that ONT.
 This is profound because even at this lowest

layer we see that GPON can differentiate, and

therefore prioritize, at the lowest layer of the
protocol stack, any service within its payload.
Another Qos Feature of GPON

 PLI (payload length indicator)

 PTI (payload type indicator).

 PLI field specifies the length of the payload.

This is critical for scheduling algorithms,
which in turn are critical to QoS.

 The PTI is a 3-bit field used to indicate

whether special handling is required for the
associated payload.
 Fragmentation

In the upper half longer low-

priority frame (frame #1 in the
figure) causes a small high-priority
frame (#2) to be delayed, which
causes jitter

Provide high bandwidth Lower part shows fragmentation

efficiency and low where the transmission of the low-
latency for time-sensitive priority frame (#1) is started at the
traffic. same instant as in the upper figure
but its transmission is temporarily
halted to allow the high-priority
frame (#2) to be transmitted.
Framing
VLAN Tags for QoS
 EPON vs. GPON
Cost Comparison
 Cost Comparison Methodology
 Refernce :- GPON vs. EPON Costs Comparison
Dan Parsons, Director of Marketing,
BroadLight Inc.
(dan.parsons@broadlight.com)
 For a simple cost comparison between EPON and GPON, only
the total equipment costs for a FTTP network of 10,000
subscribers with a 100% take rate of service was considered.
 The Outside Plant (OSP) will be treated as equal although the
PON split ratio will be different.
 Equipment cost technology is taken as :-
 EPON OLT = GPON OLT = $1800 per interface
 EPON ONT = GPON ONT = $100 per subscriber
 Advantage GPON !!!
 GPON’s significant cost advantage

 GPON offers up to a 2.6:1 OLT advantage

 GPON VS EPON
Everything except Technology
 Gigabit PON -> greater bandwidth and
functionality
 Ethernet PON -> benefits from maturity.
 “The ubiquity of Ethernet tends to favour EPON in
the long run”
 "GPON has the backing of some of the largest
carriers in the world," - Steve Kemp, senior
director, Alcatel
 GPON VS EPON
Everything except Technology
 “Established carriers need to terminate their legacy
traffic”
 “The crux of the GPON versus EPON debate is all
about timing”
Reference:- Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tannenbaum
 GPON vs. EPON
Everything except Technology
 “Established carriers need to terminate their legacy
traffic”
 “The crux of the GPON versus EPON debate is all
about timing”
 “The choice of PON will be resolved based on which
technology best meets their fundamental quest”
 "What these people want is to make money and
increase ARPU. It is very hard to beat Ethernet."
 PON vs. DSL
 New installation of  Already installed
fiber, can be expensive copper wires
 Offers more bandwidth  Less bandwidth, at
at longer distances lower range
 Shares bandwidth
 No sharing of
among active users bandwidth
 Digital TV as well as
 Only IPTV
IPTV
 Encryption not
required
 Encrypts all packets

PON DSL
 PON vs with DSL
 PON + DSL (VDSL)
 FTTH
 FTTB
 FTTN
 PON vs. SONET
 No active element
 Cost effective solution
as a shorthaul collector
loop
 Low initial cost
 Asymmetric
 Broadcast OC-12(622
Mbps) and access OC-
3(155Mbps) upstream
 More fault tolerant
PON
 Active optical network
 SONET rings optimized
for longhaul and MAN
infra
 Requires installation of
all nodes upfront
 Symmetrical.
 OC-12 SONET link all
the line cards must have
an OC-12 interface
SONET
 No Competition !!!!!

 PON does not compete with SONET

 Can use SONET compatible interfaces
 PON can serve as a feeder
 Consolidated PON
Advantage ALL
 PON with SONET
 PON with VDSL
 PON with DOCSIS
BUT……………
That’s not the
entire story
 PON vs ACTIVE ETHERNET
 Initial installation cost  Reach limited by
distance
 Scalability
 Bandwidth

Advantage PON Disadvantage PON

 CPS : The imp. figure
 PON deployments - constant evaluation of a
complex set of tradeoffs and compromises

 Less than 32 subscribers within an ONU serving

radius,the CPS is high

 More than 32 subscribers within an ONU serving

radius, second OLT port must be deployed,
resulting in a high CPS
 CPS : The imp. figure
 Customer requires service outside an existing ONU
serving radius, a new OLT port must be deployed,
resulting in high CPS

 If customers outside the 20-km OLT serving area

require service, a new OLT must be deployed,
resulting in higher CPS

 Deploying PON with lower split ratios results in more

available bandwidth, but increases the cost-basis, of
the solution as the OLT port is shared among fewer
ONUs.
 Active Ethernet
 Capital expenses coincident with subscriber
acquisition.

 Powered sites in an active network greater than a

passive network deployment, but by ………

 Cost Compensation
Why ACTIVE ETHERNET ?
 FFTX
(FTTH/B,VDSL,FTTLA) Market
Realities
IDATE predicts 140 million subscribers by
2014
 Dec2008, 48 million subscriber world wide
 Asia pacific region(Japan & Korea) 22.7 million
 United states- 16%
 Europe -5%
 61% of the Architecture is on FTTH/B
 20 years time frame before profit realization
starts
 EPON in Asia/Pacific region
 GPON in Europe and North America
 Japan with 13.1 million subscriber has the
largest number of ultra-high-speed Internet
users in the world(10.30% penetration)
 South Korea with 6million subscriber has
12.40% penetration
 America, with an annual growth rate of 90% is
the fastest growing FTTH/B market in the world
 In Europe smaller scandinavian countries are
leading in FTTH
 In England it is 0%.......?????
FTTH penetration in Europe
June 2009
Series 1
12.00%
10.00%
8.00%
6.00%
Series 1
4.00%
2.00%
0.00%
n i a k ia ia ly ia
e n ar n k It a s
ed e m u va u s
Sw ov n th o R
Sl D
e Li Sl
 BSNL inks FTTH deal with Sterlite, In a deal worth
INR3.72 billion (USD77 million) Sterlite will deploy
Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology
 BSNL chairman and MD Kuldeep Goyal also said that
the telco expects that up to 5% of all Indian
households could have access to FTTH services by
2011, with IPTV acting as one of the key drivers for
uptake
 the upcoming Passive Optical Networking (PON)
equipment market in India was a US$ 5.6 market in
2008 with a growth rate of a whopping 2800 % over
2007
 Currently India's share of the total APEJ (Asia
Pacific excluding Japan) market is 6.6
percent and is expected to grow at a CAGR
of 99.2 % over the period 2007-2013.

 In India, Freescale Semiconductor has

launched the industry's first voice-enabled
GPON. The company, along with Alcatel-
Lucent, is facilitating the adoption of FTTH
technologies by availing jointly developed
GPON technology
Challenges
 Reduction in development cost
 Increase the penetration level
 Long time span before the benefit can be

reaped
 Most importantly, demand for the technology
Challenges
 It is observed that big countries are reluctant
to accept fiber optic. Massive deployment
seem uneconomic
 Lack of market demand is another hindrance
The End Story
 EPON vs. GPON ???????
 No clear winner
 Standards still in development mode
 NGN PON talks about consolidation
 One thing for sure…..
THANK YOU