Leadership is the process of

influencing people and providing an

environment for them to achieve
team or organizational objectives.

Effective leaders help groups of

people define their goals and find
ways to achieve them.
Manager Leader
Administers Innovates
Is a copy Is original
Maintains Develops
Focus on systems on people
Has a short range view long-term perspective
Relies on control Inspires trust
Asks how & when Asks why
Eyes on bottom line Eyes on horizon
Accepts status quo Challenges it
Does things right Does right things
Trait Perspective of Leadership – recent
literature on leadership identifies seven traits
that are characteristics of effective leaders
 Drive
 Leadership motivation
 Integrity
 Self-confidence
 Intelligence
 Knowledge of the business
 Emotional Intelligence
Ohio State University Studies
Initiating Structure ______________________ Consideration

Michigan State University Studies

Task Oriented __________________________Relationship
oriented

Leadership Grid – Blake and Mouton

1,1 – Impoverished
1,9 – Country Club Management
9,1 – Authority Compliance
5,5 – Middle of The road management
9,9 – Team Management
Fiedler’s LPC Contingency Model
Best leadership style depends upon
 Leader-Member Relations – the degree of
confidence , trust, and respect for each other
(Good or Bad)
 Task Structure – the degree to which tasks
are structured (High or Low)
 Leader Position Power– the degree of power
and influence a leader has over subordinates
(Strong or Weak)
Leadership Styles

 High LPC Leaders: Relationship

Oriented
 Low LPC Leaders: Task Oriented
 Category I II III IV V VI VII VIII

Leader- Good Good Good Good Poor Poor Poor Poor

Member
Relations

Task Structure High High Low Low High High Low Low

Leader Strong Weak Strong Weak Strong Weak Strong Weak

Position Power
Task-oriented leaders perform
better in situation I, II, III, VII, and
VIII.

Relationship oriented leaders

perform better in situations IV, V,
and VI.
 (Situational leadership Theory (SLT))
 Leadership style is the consistent pattern
of behavior that one exhibits when one
attempts to influence the activities of
people by either task behavior or
relationship behavior, or combination of
both.
 This model relies on the maturity level of
followers
Maturity is defined as the capacity to set
high but attainable goals, willingness to take
responsibility, and education and/or
experience of an individual or a group.

 Job Maturity
 Psychological Maturity
 Low Maturity (M1): Telling Style (S1) High
Task and Low Relationship Behavior
Low to Moderate Maturity (M2): Selling Style
(S2) High Task and High Relationship
Behavior
Moderate To High Maturity (M3): Participating
Style (S3) High Relationship and Low
Task Behavior
High Maturity (M4): Delegating Style (S4)
Low Relationship and Low Task Behavior
 MATURITY “BEST “SECOND “THIRD LEAST
OF THE STYLE” BEST” BEST” STYLE EFFECTIVE
FOLLOWER STYLE STYLE
M1 (Low) S1 S2 S3 S4
(Telling) (Selling) (Participating) (Delegating)

M2 (Low to S2 S1 and S3 S4
Moderate)

M3 S3 S2 and S4 S1
(Moderate
to High)
M4 (High) S4 S3 S2 S1
 Transformational Leaders: Leaders are truly
transformational when they increase awareness of what is
right, good, important and beautiful, when they help to elevate
followers' needs for achievement and self-actualization.
 Transactional Leaders: Leaders who favor this style create
defined structures including a clear chain of command. They
work on the assumption that once a deal is struck between boss
and subordinate, all authority passes on to the former, while
responsibility rests with the latter.
 Charismatic leaders: Charisma depends upon interpersonal
attraction where a follower develops lots of respect and reliance
in the leader whom he admires.