Presentation of Data

Copyright 2014 by Angeles University Foundation Integrated School. All

rights reserved.
Identify people/offices in school who keep a
well-organized record of student’s individual
performance and other records
1. Registrar’s Office
2. Accounting Office
3. Clinic
4. Librarian
5. Guidance Counselor
6. Prefect of Discipline/OSAFA
7. Subject Teacher
8. Class Adviser
CLASSIFICATION OF DATA
UNGROUPED DATA – not organized
– if organized, could only be
chronologically (highest to
lowest or lowest to highest)
GROUPED DATA – organized and
arranged into different classes or
categories
WAYS OF ARRANGING
UNGROUPED DATA
1. ARRAY METHOD
2. STEM-AND-LEAF
PLOT
WAYS OF ARRANGING
UNGROUPED DATA
EXAMPLE:
25 30 18 17 50 12 43 35 40 9
33 37 41 21 20 31 35 46 10 36
28 19 18 13 28 16 42 27 28 31
40 48 40 39 32 32 26 13 3 50
26 15 14 10 38 35 34 29 30 20
WAYS OF ARRANGING
UNGROUPED DATA
SOLUTION: ARRAY METHOD
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 | |
1 || | || | | | | || |
2 || | | || | ||| |
3 || || || | | ||| | | | |
4 ||| | | | | |
5 ||

3 13 17 20 27 30 32 35 40 43
9 13 18 21 28 30 33 36 40 46
10 14 18 25 28 31 34 37 40 48
10 15 19 26 28 31 35 38 41 50
12 16 20 26 29 32 35 39 42 50
 WAYS OF ARRANGING
UNGROUPED DATA
STEM LEAVES
SOLUTION: 0 3, 9
STEM- 1
2
0,
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
3,
5,
3,
6,
4,
6,
5,
7,
6, 7, 8, 8, 9
8, 8, 8, 9
AND-LEAF 3 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
4 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8
PLOT 5 0, 0
3 13 17 20 27 30 32 35 40 43
9 13 18 21 28 30 33 36 40 46
10 14 18 25 28 31 34 37 40 48
10 15 19 26 28 31 35 38 41 50
12 16 20 26 29 32 35 39 42 50
WAYS OF ARRANGING
UNGROUPED DATA
EXAMPLE 2:
24 36 28 34 23 37 28 31 45 41
27 28 45 23 21 55 48 48 37 39
33 29 31 25 26 37 49 25 29 23
28 40 34 27 28 37 51 16 39 33
22 43 42 38 39 27 42 32 40 39
 METHODS OF
PRESENTING DATA
1. TEXTUAL METHOD
2. TABULAR METHOD
3. GRAPHICAL METHOD
TEXTUAL METHOD
– data are presented in paragraph form
– data are incorporated in the paragraph
 TABULAR METHOD
– data are presented in
tables for easy
understanding and
comparison with other data
– shows complete
information regarding the
data
 TABULAR METHOD
PARTS OF A TABLE
TABLE NUMBER – for easy reference to the table
TABLE TITLE – briefly explains the content of the table
COLUMN HEADER – describes the data in each
column
ROW CLASSIFIER – shows the classes or categories
BODY – the main part of the table
SOURCE NOTE – shows where the data were taken;
normally placed below the table
 TABULAR METHOD
PARTS OF A TABLE
TABLE NUMBER TABLE TITLE

COLUMN
HEADER

BODY

ROW
CLASSIFIER SOURCE NOTE
 TABULAR METHOD
KINDS OF TABLES
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE – shows the
data arranged into different classes
and the number of cases which fall into
each class
RELATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE –
lists the relative frequencies of the
classes
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE
– shows the number of cases falling
below a particular value
 TABULAR METHOD
KINDS OF TABLES
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE
EXAMPLE: Table 2.1
Ungrouped Frequency
Distribution for the Ages of 50
Students Enrolled in Statistics
AGE FREQUENCY
14 4
15 13
16 25
17 5
18 2
19 1
N= 50
 TABULAR METHOD
KINDS OF TABLES
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE
EXAMPLE:

25 30 18 17 50 12 43 35 40 9
33 37 41 21 20 31 35 46 10 36
28 19 18 13 28 16 42 27 28 31
40 48 40 39 32 32 26 13 3 50
26 15 14 10 38 35 34 29 30 20
 TABULAR METHOD
KINDS OF TABLES
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE
EXAMPLE:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 STEM LEAVES
0 | | 0 3, 9
1 || | || | | | | || | 1 0, 0, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 9
2 || | | || | ||| | 2 0, 0, 1, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9
3 || || || | | ||| | | | | 3 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
4 ||| | | | | | 4 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8
5 || 5 0, 0

3 13 17 20 27 30 32 35 40 43
9 13 18 21 28 30 33 36 40 46
10 14 18 25 28 31 34 37 40 48
10 15 19 26 28 31 35 38 41 50
12 16 20 26 29 32 35 39 42 50
 TABULAR METHOD
KINDS OF TABLES
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE
STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING FREQ DIST TABLE:
1. Decide on the number of classes ( 5 – 15 )
2. Determine the Class Width/Size ( i )
3. Decide on the Lowest Class and construct the
required Class Intervals
4. Tally the frequencies for each class until the
highest value is reached
5. The Highest Class Interval can go beyond the
highest value as long as it contains the highest
value
 TABULAR METHOD
KINDS OF TABLES
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE
STEPS IN CONSTRUCTING FREQ DIST TABLE:
1. 10
highest value − lowest value HS − LS 50−3
2. i = desired number of classes = DNC = 10 = 4.75
3. 1 – 5, 6 – 10, 11 – 15, 16 – 20,…, 46 – 50
4. 1 – 5 = 1 26 – 30 = 9
6 – 10 = 3 31 – 35 = 9
11 – 15 = 5 36 – 40 = 7
16 – 20 = 7 41 – 45 = 3
21 – 25 = 2 46 – 50 = 4
 TABULAR METHOD
PARTS OF FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE
c.i. f CLASS INTERVALS (c.i.) – or simply classes ; these
1 - 5 1
are the row classifiers 1 – 5, 6 – 10, etc.
6 - 10 3
11 - 15 5 LOWER LIMIT (LL) – numbers on the left of the c.i.
16 - 20 7 UPPER LIMIT (UL) – numbers on the right of the c.i.
21 - 25 2
26 - 30 9 CLASS WIDTH/SIZE (i) – the size of each class
31 - 35 9 interval
36 - 40 7
FREQUENCY (f) – number of scores contained in
41 - 45 3
46 - 50 4 each class interval
50 CLASS BOUNDARIES (cb) – the demarcation line
between class intervals
Lower Limit Upper Limit
LOWER LIMIT BOUNDARY (LLB) – LL – 0.5
UPPER LIMIT BOUNDARY (ULB) – UL + 0.5
 TABULAR METHOD
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLES

c.i. f
1 - 5 1
6 - 10 3 SIMPLE FREQUENCY
11 - 15 5
16 - 20
21 - 25
7
2
DISTRIBUTION TABLE –
26 - 30 9
31 - 35
36 - 40
9
7
consists of class interval
41 - 45 3
46 - 50 4 and frequency only
50
 TABULAR METHOD
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLES
c.i. f mp (x) cb COMPLETE FREQUENCY
1 - 5 1 3 0.5 5.5 DISTRIBUTION TABLE –
6 - 10 3 8 5.5 10.5
11 - 15 5 13 10.5 15.5 consists of class interval,
16 - 20 7 18 15.5 20.5
21 - 25 2 23 20.5 25.5 frequency, class mark or
26 - 30 9 28 25.5 30.5
31 - 35 9 33 30.5 35.5 midpoint (x), and class
36 - 40 7 38 35.5 40.5
41 - 45 3 43 40.5 45.5
boundaries
46 - 50 4 48 45.5 50.5
50 𝑈𝐿+𝐿𝐿
CLASS MARK =
2
 TABULAR METHOD
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLES
c.i. f mp (x) rf
1 - 5 1 3 0.02 2% RELATIVE
6 - 10 3 8 0.06 6%
11 - 15 5 13 0.10 10% FREQUENCY
16 - 20 7 18 0.14 14%
21 - 25 2 23 0.04 4% DISTRIBUTION
26 - 30 9 28 0.18 18%
31 - 35 9 33 0.18 18%
36 - 40 7 38 0.14 14% TABLE – consists of
41 - 45 3 43 0.06 6%
46 - 50 4 48 0.08 8% class interval,
50 1.00 100%
frequency, midpoint
and relative frequency
 TABULAR METHOD
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLES
cb cf
c.i. f
llb ulb <cf >cf
CUMULATIVE
1 - 5 1 0.5 5.5 1 50 FREQUENCY
6 - 10 3 5.5 10.5 4 49
11 - 15 5 10.5 15.5 9 46 DISTRIBUTION
16 - 20 7 15.5 20.5 16 41
21 - 25 2 20.5 25.5 18 34 TABLE – consists of
26 - 30 9 25.5 30.5 27 32
31 - 35 9 30.5 35.5 36 23 class interval,
36 - 40 7 35.5 40.5 43 14
41 - 45 3 40.5 45.5 46 7 frequency, class
46 - 50 4 45.5 50.5 50 4
50 boundaries and
cumulative frequencies
(< cf or > cf)