WHAT ARE GROUPS?

-a group may be defined as

two or more persons,
interacting and
interdependent.
GROUPS ARE CLASSIFIED AS:

01 FORMAL GROUP
o this one defined by the
organization structure, with
designated work
assignments and establish
task.
02 INFORMAL GROUP

o this group type is negative

formally structured nor
organizationally determined.

is one that is formed because of
Command Group
a group of individual who report
directly to a certain manager.
Task Group
it is that kind of group consisting
of persons working together to
complete the job.
Interest Group
some special topic interest, the
group disbands when the
interest declines or a goal has
been achieved.
Friendship Group
is one where members are
bought together because they
share one or more common
characteristics such as age,
political beliefs, or ethics
background.
 WHY PEOPLE FORM GROUPS?

NEED OF ATTRACTION ECONOMICS

SATISFACTION
PROXIMITY GOALS
STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT
Sequence in the development of group that
consist of different stages:

The Forming Stage

-the initial entry of members to a group is a primary

concern. However, the specific concern of the
members consists of the following:
• Eager to learn what tasks they will be performing
• How they can benefit from group membership
• What constitute acceptable behavior
• What rules must be followed
STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT

The Storming Stage

 the stage when conflict within the group happens.

Members get involved in:
• Competition for desired assignments
• Disagreements over appropriate behaviors
• Responsibilities related to task performance

 coalitions or cliques may form

 when there is relatively clear hierarchy of
leadership within the group, the storming stage is
complete.
STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT

The Norming Stage

 also known as initial integration stage, when the

group really begins to come together as
coordinated unit.
 cooperation and collaboration are its main
characteristics.
 members feel a preliminary of closeness
STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT

The Performing Stage

 the group emerges as a mature, organized, and

well-functioning group, and it is ready to focus on
accomplishing its key task.
 referred as total integration stage.
 intrinsic and creativity are likely to emerge as the
group perform
2 different sub-stages:
1. Sub-stage where the group has attained a level of
effectiveness
2. Sub-stage where the process of learning and
development of the group is on-going
STAGES OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT

The Adjourning Stage

 involves the termination of activities. It is

applicable to temporary groups such as
committee, project groups, task forces, and
similar entities.

Group activities that triggered termination:

1. Groups purpose has been fulfilled
2. Group has failed to revitalized itself during the
performing stage
ROLES WITHIN THE GROUP
Knowledge People
Contributor Supporter
- who provides - who provides
useful and valid emotional support to
information. teammates and resolve
conflicts.

-forces members - who confronts and challenges

to look at how bad idea and regarded as a part
group functions of problem solving process.

Process Challenger
Observer
ROLES WITHIN THE GROUP

LISTENER
- who listen to whatever
ideas or proposal
presented by any
member of the group.
GATEKEEPER
-who provide the opportunity for
every member to express his or
her opinion. Also remind every
member about good ideas that
were recognized previously.

- with the leader, the group can

-assumes the role of mediator
then move forward by defining
to avoid disputed between each its mission and determining its
other. objectives.

MEDIATOR TAKE-CHARGE
LEADER
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF GROUP
More inputs from various perspective can be
made available for effective decision making Working in group offers the
following ADVANTAGES:
Synergism is more likely when people work
together as a group

People in the group are more supportive of

decision that were formulated with their
assistance
It allows the efficient exchange of
information for effective problem solving

The opportunity for fulfilling the safety,

affiliation, and esteem needs of group
members is made available

Group members get mutual support from

each other
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF GROUP
Group activity is usually slower and more
cumbersome Working in group offers the
Group meetings are held to disseminate strictly
following DISADVANTAGES:
routine data that could be more efficiently conveyed
in writing through interoffice memorandum

The group decision may be diluted by every

member input making the decision ineffective

Accountability is often a problem with group

activity

There are occasion when some members

shrink responsibility and let other member of
the group do work

When the group is highly cohesive and

outside criticism
"GROUPTHINK" defined as deterioration
of mental efficiency , reality testing, and
moral judgment in the interest of group
cohesiveness.

How to minimize groupthink:

1. Monitoring group size
2. Encouraging group leader to play an important
role
3. Appointing a member to play the role of devil's
advocate
4. Using exercises that stimulates active
discussion of diverse alternative without
threatening the group
TECHNIQUES IN GROUP DECISION MAKING
Interacting Group
• groups in which members interact with each other face to
face.
• this technique is its susceptibility of “groupthink”
Brainstorming
• group problem-solving technique which promotes creativity
by encouraging members to come up
• with any ideas, no matter how strange, without fear of
criticism.
Nominal Group Technique
• group decision-making method in which individual members
meet face-to-face to proof their judgments in a systematic but
independent fashion.
Electronic Meeting
• decision-making technique wherein members interact through
computers allowing anonymity comments and aggregation of
votes.
• this technique distinct the advantages of anonymity, honesty
and speed.
WHAT ARE WORK TEAMS?

a formal group comprised of

people interacting very closely
together with a shared
commitment to accomplish
agreed-upon objectives
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WORK GROUPS AND TEAMS

WORK GROUP
is one that interacts primarily to
share information and to make
decisions to help each member
perform within his or her area of
responsibility.

TEAMS
emphasize shared leadership,
mutual accountability, and collective
work products.
 TYPES OF TEAMS
SELF-MANAGED WORK
TEAM
empowered to make decisions
about work schedules, task
allocations, job skills training,
performance evaluation, selection
of new team members, and
controlling quality of work
PROBLEM SOLVING TEAM
composed of 5 to 12 employees
from the same department who
meet for few hours each week to
improve quality, efficiency, and
work environment
CROSS-FUNCTIONAL
TEAMS
composed of employees from about the
same hierarchical levels, but from
different work areas, who come together
to accomplish a task
VIRTUAL TEAMS
use computer technology to
tie together physically
dispersed members in order
to achieve a common goal
 DEVELOPING
EFFECTIVE TEAMS
1. Team size must be kept as small as
possible.
2. The team members must have a
sufficient range of skills, information,
and/or experience to do the task.
3. Team members must have a sense of
common purpose.
4. The team must be free to develop its
work procedures.
5. The team must have a sense of
accountability.
Turning Individuals into Team Players

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TRAINING
made to attend for
training courses
problem solving,
SELECTION communication,
in searching for team negotiation, conflict
players, it must be management and
remembered that not coaching.
all people are alike.
• Changing Membership
Members may drop out through temporarily or permanently like:
1. transferring to a higher priority projects
2. the occurrence of a personal problem requiring extended leaves of absence
3. accepting a job in another company

To address such concern, the team must learn to manage its internal turnover through:
1. Recognition of potential problems brought by high turnover.
2. Development of a plan for managing turnover.
3. Thinking through how best to integrate new members.

• Social Loafing - refers to the tendency for

individuals to expend less effort when working collectively
than when working individually.
Potential Team The reasons for Social Loafing are:

Problems 1. The members think their contribution is less noticeable.

2. The members prefer to see others carry the workload.

It may be wise to consider an analysis of the following:

1. The nature of the task.
2. The qualifications and desires of the participants.
3. The time and cost constraints.