KULIAH KE 6

Pokok bahasan : Pengendalian Putaran, Starting

dan pengereman Motor Listrik DC

Sub pokok bahasan

• Pengereman Motor Listrik DC shunt, seri dan
Kompon
• Thyristor Control Motor DC
• Rating Motor DC
 ELECTRIC BRAKING
Electric Braking of DC motor can be done by three methods

i. Regenerative braking if the speed exceeds no-load value or when

TL=0
ii. Dynamic braking or rheostatic braking by including an external
resistance across the armature in place of DC supply
iii. Plugging or reverse current braking by connecting the power supply
Vdc in reversed mode.
The first method allows the mechanical energy stored in the rotor to
be fed back to the battery by converting the kinetic energy into
electrical energy. The second method, though, makes the machine
work as a generator but it dissipates the power in the external
resistance connected. The third method draws extra power from the
external power supply and wastes both- energy drawn from the power
supply as well as the kinetic energy stored in the rotor. The last two
methods can be used for stopping the motor whereas the first one can
bring it up to no-load speed which is (Vdc/Kф).
REGENERATIVE BRAKING
PHYSICAL CONNECTION
CHARACTERISTIC
Electric Railway Car Propulsion
System
An Electric Railway Car Using
Regenerative Brakes
How Regenerative Brakes Help Save
Power
The Propulsion System In A Six-Axle
Diesel-Electric Locomotive
The Dynamic Braking System In A Six-
Axle Diesel Electric Locomotive
Locomotive Pneumatic Braking System
Dynamic Braking (Rheostatic Braking)
In this braking method armature terminal disconnect from supply &
connect to high value of resistance. When it is disconnected from the
supply with field supply is remains on, the dc machine will acts as a
generator and converts kinetic energy stored in its moving parts to
electrical energy, which is dissipated as heat in the dynamic brake
resistance RD and armature resistance Ra. For good rate of retardation
the RD should be variable. This method of braking is called rheostatic
braking.

since V=0,

Ia=-Eb/ (Ra+Rb)
& torque (T) = -KØ Ia
Negative sign shows that the armature current is reversed.
DYNAMIC BRAKING SHUNT DC MOTOR
DYNAMIC BRAKING SERIES DC MOTOR
Dynamic braking in separately excited
DC motor.
Speed-Torque characteristics of
separately excited DC motor.
Dynamic Braking Speed-Torque characteristics of
separately excited DC motor with variable RD
A typical response for the dynamic braking of DC motors in terms of its
armature current, speed, electromagnetic torque and terminal voltage
are shown below:
Reverse current braking or plugging
PLUGGING SERIES DC MOTOR
PLUGGING OF SHUNT DC MOTOR
Plugging speed –torque curves DC
separately excited motor
A typical response for plugging is shown below in terms
of Ia, Speed, Tem and Va.
THYRISTOR CONTROL OF DC
MOTORS
HALF WAVE UNCONTROLLED RECTIFIER
FULL WAVE UNCONTROLLED RECTIFIER
Thyristor (Silicon Controlled Rectifier,
SCR)
Bidirectional thyristor (TRIAC)
1-PHASE , SAMPAI 1 KW
1-PHASE , SAMPAI 5 KW
3-PHASE
 High performance force-ventilated d.c. motor. The motor is of all-laminated
construction and designed for use with a thyristor converter. The small blower motor is
an induction machine that runs continuously, thereby allowing the main motor to
maintain full torque at low speed without overheating.
This diagram shows an AC electric locomotive, i.e a locomotive collecting AC power from an
overhead line. The red lines on the diagram indicate the single phase AC circuit, the green lines
the DC circuits and the purple lines the 3-phase AC circuits. A locomotive using DC traction
current is similar, except that there is no single phase AC circuit or transformer. The current
passes directly from the pantograph (or shoe) to the main and auxiliary inverters.
RATING MOTOR DC
The four nameplate ratings for a DC motor
include:
• voltage
• current
• speed
• power
 SELF EVALUATION
1. What are three methods of braking normally used in any electric motor?
2. Which is the most energy efficient method of braking and why?
3. Will a DC shunt motor be able to go through with dynamic braking down
to zero speed? Explain.
4. Why should plugging be done with a large external resistance connected
in series with the armature?
5. If the braking torque generated during dynamic braking of a separately
excited DC motor drive needs to be a constant from rated speed to
almost zero speed, how can that be made possible?
6. Can dynamic braking be implemented in a series motor drive? Explain.
7. If plugging is implemented in a separately excited DC motor drive, how
will you make sure that the motor does not start rotating in the reverse
direction?