5.

2 CARBOHYDRATES SERVE AS FUEL AND

BUILDING MATERIAL
 CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates are the sugars, starches and fibers found in
fruits, grains, vegetables and milk products. Though often
maligned in trendy diets, carbohydrates — one of the basic
food groups — are important to a healthy diet.
Carbohydrates are macronutrients, meaning they are one of
the three main ways the body obtains energy, or calories,
CARBOHYDRATES
• MONOSSACHARIDES
• DISACCHARIDES
• POLYSSACHARIDES
Sugars,the smallest carbohydrates,serve as fuel and source of carbon.
•Monosaccharides generally have molecular formulas which is multiple of CH2O
•Glucose has the formula of C6H12O6
•The location of the carbonyl group depends if the sugar is an aldose or ketose
•Glucose,aldose,fructose,and ketose are structural isomers
•Monosaccharides classified by the number of carbon in carbon skeleton
•Glucose and other six carbon sugars are hexoses.
•Five carbon backbones are pentoses;three-carbon
sugars are trioses.
•Monossacharides may also exist as enantiomers
Polyssacharides,the polymers of sugars,have storage and
structural roles.
•Polyssacharides are polymers of hundreds to thousands of
monossacharides joined by glycocidic linkages.
• Starch is a storage polyssacharide composed entirely of
glucose monomers.
•Branched forms such as amylopectin are more complex.
• Animals store glucose in a polyssacharide called glycogen.
•Humans and other vertebrates store a day's supply of glycogen in the
liver and muscles.
•Cellulose is a major component of the tough wall of plants.
•Plants produce almost one hundred billion tons of cellullose per year. It is
the most abundant organic compound on Earth.
•Cellulose in human food passes through the digestive tract and is
eliminated in feces as "insoluble fiber"
•As it travels through the digestive tract,cellulose abrades the intestinal
walls and stimulates the secretion of of mucus,aiding in the passage of
food.
•Some.fungi can also digest cellulose.
•Chitin is also similar tocellulose,except that it contains a nitrogen -
containing appendage on each glucose monomer.
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