How is an employee seen in

organizations?
• The importance of an employee to the bottom
line and shareholder value- Western based
and American perspective
• If this is your perspective what kind of
employees should you have?
 Apple computers -California

• Whether you want to be an iPod engineer, a

Concierge at an Apple Retail Store, or a sushi chef
on an Apple campus (yes, we have sushi chefs),
we’re looking for the best. People who are smart,
creative, up for any challenge, and incredibly
excited about what they do. In other words,
Apple people. You know, the kind of people
you’d want to hang around with anyway
• We make things that make an impact. Like
when someone creates their first video with
iMovie. Surfs the Internet — the real Internet
— on an iPhone. Or uses the built-in iSight
camera to video chat with their grandchildren.
Making it all happen can be hard work. And
you could probably find an easier job
someplace else. But that’s not the point, is it?
• Hence the HR is mostly competency based, if
they find the company benefitting them they’l
stay otherwise they will seek opportunities
outside
• The Japanese have a developmental approach
as people as an integral part of the
organization. The developmental approach as
it is called.
• We provide our employees a vibrant, diverse
and stimulating environment with enormous
opportunities to explore new dimensions of
creativity and Hi-Technology thus enhancing
their potential to the optimum
• Hence what HR practices will a company
employ?
• Hence human resource practices identified by
Ishido (1986) among corporations in Japan such
as employment security, extensive job rotation,
• continuous on-job training, evaluation of the
• total person, seniority/ability-based wage
• structure and promotions, welfare facilities,
• and even the provision of “enterprise unions”
• or labor unions tied to the company, are used
• to inculcate a “moral” involvement
• This brings us to a question on attrition how
high will it be on attrition?
• 29 Oct 2010 ... The competitive position of
Japanese companies comes from being able
to retain employees for lifetime
• Hence how people are valued is a culture
called as valuing people
• Generally what culture can we describe
Americans?
• Individualistic and hence the need to separate
work / home
• What are the characteristics of Japanese
culture?
• Collectivist
 Locus of Human Value
• Across countries people are valued as
differently as human beings
• Resource VS who they rather than what they
can do
• Resource represents a systems approach to
organizing
• In western organizations according to the
individualistic culture people are said to look
after themselves
• In Japanese organizations –collectivistic
culture and hence people have to be looked
after
• Both Australian American organizations have
been shown to have a command and control
orientation with a topdownmanagement
approach.
 Creating and Sustaining cultures
• How does a culture begin?
 Step-1How a culture begins
• I want to start a HR consulting firm , can you
develop a culture for my organization?
• You have to be guided by the vision of the
founder
• What do these founders do?
• Founders hire and keep employees who think
and feel the same way they do.
• They indoctrinate and socialize their
employees to their way of thinking and feeling
 Keeping culture alive
How can this be done?
• Selection- Proper match- values- conflict
• Top management’s values
• Socialization- The process by which new
employees adapt is called socialization
• There are three stages in socailization
 Stage 1
• Prearrival stage: Each individual arrives with a
set of values attitudes and expectations
• The aim is to socialize business students to the
attitudes and behavior the firm wants
• YOUR PROACTIVE PERSONALITY WILL
DETERMINE YOUR ABILITY TO ADJUST
• Formal vs Informal
• Individual vs collective
• Fixed vs Variable
• Serial vs Random
• Investiture vs Divestiture
 Stage 11
• Encounter stage- Possibility of dichotomy
between expectations about the job,
coworker, boss, organization in general and
reality.
 Stage 111
• Metamorphosis- May internalize the norms
and accept those norms