LATHE OPERATIONS

Recap
• Machine tool
• Lathe machine
• Basic components
• Functions
Operations performed on the Centre Lathe Machine

1. Turning – a. Straight Turning

b. Taper Turning
2. Facing
3. Parting off
4. Chamfering
5. Knurling
6. Grooving
7. Thread Cutting
8. Drilling
9. Reaming
10. Boring
Operations on Lathe ..
Turning ..
• machine length of job to reduce
diameter of Job
• Cutting Tool: Turning Tool
• Feed:
in direction parallel to work piece axis
• Depth of Cut:
in direction perpendicular to work- piece
axis
Operations on Lathe .. Turning ..
Cylindrical job

Workpiece
Cutting
speed Depth of cut (d)
N
Machined
surface
Chuck Feed Chip
Tool
Depth of cut
Turning
Operations on Lathe .. Turning ..
Cylindrical job
Operations on Lathe .. Facing ..
• machine end of job  Flat surface
or to Reduce Length of Job
• Cutting Tool: Turning Tool
• Feed: in direction perpendicular to
workpiece axis
–Length of Tool Travel = radius of
workpiece
• Depth of Cut: in direction parallel to
workpiece axis
Operations on Lathe .. Facing
Flat Surface/Reduce length

Chuck Workpiece
d
Machined
Face
Cutting
speed Depth of
cut
Tool Feed
Facing
Facing
Taper Turning
Taper Turning
Operations on Lathe ..
Knurling
Knurled surface
Cutting
speed
Feed Movement
for depth
Knurling tool
Tool post
Knurling
Knurling
Operations on Lathe ..
Grooving
• Produces a Groove on
workpiece
• Shape of tool  shape of
groove
• Carried out using Grooving Tool
Operations on Lathe ..
Grooving ..
Operations on Lathe .. Parting Off/cutting off ..

Parting tool Feed

 Operations performed on the Centre Lathe Machine
1.TURNING OPERATION:
2. FACING OPERATION:
• In this operation a flat surface is produced at the either
end of the work piece. Thus by facing operation the
length of the work piece gets reduced.
• The tool used for this operation is known as Facing Tool
or regular Turning Tool, which is clamped in the tool
post. The tool moves crosswise perpendicular to the
centre line of the lathe machine with the help of Cross
Slide. The feed rate is provided to the tool with the help
of Carriage. During this operation the work piece may be
rotated at higher speeds.

3. PARTING OFF / CUTOFFOPERATION:

• In this operation, specific part of the work piece is
removed (detached) from the total length of the work
piece. The tool used for this operation is known as
Parting Off Tool. The tool moves specific lengthwise
which is parallel to the centre line of the lathe machine
with the help of Carriage. The feed rate is provided with
the help of Cross Slide. During this operation the work
piece is rotated at lower speed.
 Operations performed on the Centre Lathe Machine
4. CHAMFERING OPERATION:
• Basic of this operation is to remove sharp edges on
the work piece by required angle. The tool used for
this operation is known as Chamfering Tool and having
the tip angle of 45o or 60o. The tool moves specific
lengthwise which is parallel to the centre line of the
lathe machine with the help of Carriage. The feed rate
is provided with the help of Cross Slide. During this
operation the work piece may be rotated at higher
speeds.
5. KNURLING OPERATION:
• In this operation, diamond shape pattern is embossed
over the surface of the work piece. Knurling is useful
to grip the work piece or the part of the work piece
firmly. The tool used for this operation is known as
Knurling Tool, which consists of set of hardened steel
rollers. The tool moves specific lengthwise which is
parallel to the centre line of the lathe machine with
the help of Carriage. The feed rate is provided with the
help of Cross Slide. During this operation the work
piece is rotated at lower speed.
 Operations performed on the Centre Lathe Machine

6. GROOVING OPERATION:
• In this operation, the diameter of the
work piece is reduced over a small
narrow surface for particular length of
the work piece. The tool used for this
operation is known as Grooving Tool.
The tool moves specific lengthwise
which is parallel to the centre line of the
lathe machine with the help of Carriage.
The feed rate is provided with the help
of Cross Slide. During this operation the
work piece is rotated at lower speed.
 Operations performed on the Centre Lathe Machine –

7. THREAD CUTTING OPERATION:

• In this operation, helical grooves are
produced over the cylindrical surface of the
work piece. For thread cutting operation
definite relationship between the rotation of
the work piece in the Spindle and
longitudinal travel of the Carriage is required.
This is done with the help of engagement of
the lead screw. After engagement of lead
screw the whole Carriage unit moves
forwards (from tailstock towards headstock)
and backwards (from headstock towards
tailstock) by controlling the levers that are
provided on the apron unit. The tool moves
specific lengthwise which is parallel to the
centre line of the lathe machine. The feed
rate is provided with the help of Cross Slide.
During this operation the work piece is
rotated at very lower speed.
 Operations performed on the Centre Lathe Machine –
8. DRILLING OPERATION:
• In this operation, a cylindrical hole is produced in a work piece, by cutting
edge of a cutter known as the drill. The drill bit is fitted into the barrel of
the tailstock (drill is stationary). First the drill is bringing in contact to the
work piece. In this position the tailstock is locked on to the bed with the
help of lever provided on the tailstock, so as to avoid the backward
movement of the tailstock. The feed is given to the drill with the help of
hand wheel which is provided on the tailstock. Before drilling operation,
centre is marked on the either face of the work piece with the help of
centre drill. This is required so as to avoid the eccentricity or taper of the
hole into the work piece. During the operation the drill moves in
longitudinal direction which is parallel to the centre line of the lathe
machine. During this operation the work piece is rotated at lower speed.
 Operations performed on the Centre Lathe Machine –

9. BORING OPERATION:
• In this operation, the hole is enlarged,
which has been produced previously by
drilling, casting or forging. Boring cannot
originate a hole like drilling. Boring is used
to correct error in concentricity and
alignment in the previously drilled hole.
The operation of boring is same as drilling
operation.
10. REAMING OPERATION:
• It provides sizing and finishing to the
already drilled hole. Operation of tool and
movement of tool is same like drilling
operation. The tool used for reaming
operation is known as reamer, which has
multiple cutting edges. Reamer cannot
originate a hole. It simply follows the path
which has been previously drilled and
removes a very small amount of material.
Operations performed on the Centre Lathe Machine –

11. Contour Turning

• A typical shape / curve is by using a
single point tool.

12. Form Turning

• The shape of the tool is replicated on
the workpiece.
 Lathe operations
• Turning, Facing, Parting, Thread cutting,
Grooving, Reaming & drilling, Boring, Knurling
• Milling, Grinding, Tapping, Spinning etc.
 BORING OPERATION:
DRILLING OPERATION:

Form Turning
Lathe operations
Thread Cutting Mechanism
33