MAPEH - Health 8

Prepared by:
Ma’am Gliza 
MAPEH - Health 8

Key Learnings for Today

The Chain of Infection
Stages of Infection
Activities
Questions
MAPEH - Health 8

Infection Control
A set of proven
practices that are
promoted by health
care professionals to
help stop the spread
of illness and infection.
By Photograph: User:Tjwood ; Deep-etch: Ash_Crow [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons
MAPEH - Health 8

The Chain of Infection

Infectious
Agent
Susceptible
Host Reservoir

Portal of Portal of
Entry Exit

Mode of
Transmission
MAPEH - Health 8

Infectious Agent
An infectious agent is
something that
infiltrates another living
thing, like you. When
an infectious agent
hitches a ride, you have
officially become an
infected host.
MAPEH - Health 8
What is an Infection?
The invasion and multiplication of
microorganisms such as bacteria,
viruses, fungi and parasites that
are not normally present within the
body.
MAPEH - Health 8

Bacteria
• Can thrive in many different types of
environments: extreme heat or cold,
radioactive.
• Larger than viruses.
• Reproduce on their own.
• Important! Most bacteria cause no
harm to people, but there are
exceptions.
MAPEH - Health 8

Bacteria
Examples of infections caused by
bacteria could include:
• Strep throat
• Tuberculosis (TB)
• Urinary tract infections

Can these be treated? How?

MAPEH - Health 8

Viruses
• Viruses are even smaller than
bacteria.
• Require living hosts - such as
people, plants or animals - to
multiply.
• When a virus enters your body,
it invades some of your cells
and takes over the cell
machinery, redirecting it to
produce the virus.
MAPEH - Health 8

Viruses
Diseases caused by viruses
may include:
• Chickenpox
• Measles
• Common colds

Can these be treated? How?

MAPEH - Health 8

Reservoirs – “Hiding Places”

Any place where an infectious agent can live

•People
•Animals
•Equipment
•Water
MAPEH - Health 8

Portal of Exit – “The Way Out”

The way the Infectious Agent leaves the reservoir

•Nose or mouth
•Blood
•Skin
•Urine/Feces
MAPEH - Health 8
Mode of Transmission –
“Getting Around”
The way the Infectious Agent gets from the
reservoir to the new host

Contact
Direct Indirect
MAPEH - Health 8

Mode of Transmission Con’t

• Droplet
≤ 3 feet

• Airborne
MAPEH - Health 8

Mode of Transmission Con’t

• Vehicle
-Contaminated food, water,
medications, instruments

• Vector borne
-Mosquitoes, flies, ticks
MAPEH - Health 8

Transmission
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJKA3Yk
VSGo

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0f4sUNW
kq60

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dphthYUX
tBg
MAPEH - Health 8

Portal of Entry – “The Way In”

The way the Infectious Agent gets into the next host

•Eyes
•Nose
•Mouth
MAPEH - Health 8
Susceptible Host – “The Next
Sick Person”
Any person who is at risk of getting an infection
from the Infectious Agent
MAPEH - Health 8
The Chain of Infection- Review

Infectious
Agent
Susceptible
Host Reservoir

Portal of Portal of
Entry Exit
Mode of
Transmission
MAPEH - Health 8

Part of working in
Infection Control is
figuring out how we
can ‘Break the Chain of
Infection’.
MAPEH - Health 8

Breaking the Chain of

Infection
• Healthy Habits
• Handwashing
• Immunization
MAPEH - Health 8

Breaking the Chain

of Infection through
- Healthy Habits
MAPEH - Health 8
Healthy Habits
• Making healthy food
choices

• Being active
MAPEH - Health 8

Healthy Habits
• Getting enough sleep

• Managing stress
MAPEH - Health 8

Breaking the Chain

of Infection through
- Handwashing
MAPEH - Health 8

Hand Hygiene
• Can be preformed using alcohol based hand
sanitizer (ABHS) or soap and water
• When hands are not visibility soiled ABHS is
the preferred method of hand hygiene
• When using ABHS there needs to be enough
product for your hands to be wet for 15
seconds
• Handwashing with soap and water should be
done for a minimum of 20 seconds
MAPEH - Health 8
Areas Most Often Missed

Bottom Right Top Right

MAPEH - Health 8

Proper Hand Washing

MAPEH - Health 8

When to Wash Your Hands?

• Before handling, preparing or serving
food
• After using the washroom
• After sneezing, coughing, or blowing
your nose
• Before eating
MAPEH - Health 8

Glo Germ Activity

MAPEH - Health 8

Breaking the Chain

of Infection through
- Immunization
MAPEH - Health 8

Immunization

Vaccines contain small parts of specific germs,

or inactivated germs. The immune system reacts
to the vaccine to make the proper immunity
(memory) cells. When germs enter the body at a
later time, these memory cells kill them before they
have a chance to infect the body.
MAPEH - Health 8

© Queen's Printer for Ontario, 2017.

 MAPEH - Health 8
Herd Immunity

• When most people in a community have been

immunized against a disease, the chance of an
outbreak of that disease is greatly reduced.

• Protects vulnerable people (babies too young to be

immunized, people undergoing chemotherapy, elderly
and other medical reasons.

By Mmmkayshea (Own work) [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4

MAPEH - Health 8
Flu Shot ‘Match’
• The flu shot contains 3 or 4 different strains of
inactivated influenza (depending on which one
you get).
• You want the circulating strains to be similar to
those included in the yearly flu shot.
• The strains included in the flu shot change every
year… that’s why it’s important to get the shot
every year!

35
 MAPEH - Health 8

Activity: Don’t Pass it Along!

https://clipartxtras.com
MAPEH - Health 8

Questions
MAPEH - Health 8