TOTAL HARDNESS

ALUM

OBSERVATION

Burette solution : EDTA

Indicator :erichrome black- T indicator
Source of sample :oil factory
Temperatue :27°C
TABULATION

Dosage (gm) volume of EDTA in ml EDTA in ml EDTA in ml

sample in ml initial final net

0.1 20 0 25.6
0 25.1 25.35
0.2 20 0 28
0 27.3 27.65
0.3 20 0 29.3
0 28.5 28.9
0.4 20 0 25.2
0 24.6 24.9
0.5 20 0 23.5
0 24.3 23.9
0.6 20 0 26.3
0 25.3 25.8
 CALCULATION

FOR DOSAGE:0.1gm

Volume of sample V₁ =20ml

Volume of EDTA V₂ =25.35ml
Normality of EDTA N₁ =0.01N

Normality of sample containing total hardness N₂ =(V₂ X N₁)/(V₁)

=(25.35X 0.01)/(20)
=0.012675N
Total hardness in mg/l as caco₃ =N₂ X equavalent weight of caco₃ X 1000
=0.012675 X 50 X1000
=633.75mg/l
RESULT

Total hardness of water sample for 0.1gm dosage = 633.75mg/l

similarly
Dosage in ml Total hardness
0.2 691.25mg/l
0.3 722.5mg/l
0.4 622.5mg/l
0.5 597.5mg/l
0.6 645mg/l
 ALKALINITY

ALUM

OBSERVATION

PHENOLPTHALIN ALKALINITY
Burette solution : H₂SO₄
Pipette solution :sample
Indicator :phenolpthalein
End point :disapperance of pink colour

TOTAL ALKALINITY
Burette solution : H₂SO₄
Pipette solution :sample
Indicator :methyl orange
End point :apperance of pink colour
 TABULATION
Dosage in gm initial final net Volume of
H₂SO₄
0.1 0.5 4.3 3.8
0.8 4.6 3.8 3.39
0.6 4.8 4.2
0.2 0.6 4.6 4
0.7 6 5.3 5.16
1 7.2 6.2
0.3 0.5 3.2 2.7
0.5 3.1 2.6 2.76
0.5 3.5 3
0.4 0.2 8.5 8.3
0.6 9.5 8.9 8.56
0.4 8.9 8.5
0.5 0.1 8.5 8.4
0.3 6.5 6.2 6.76
0.6 6.3 5.7
0.6 0.2 6.2 6
0.3 6 5.7 5.96
0.1 6.3 6.2
 CALCULATION

FORMULA

Total alkalinity for 0.1gm

Total alkalinity =
(volume of H₂SO₄ X normality of H₂SO₄ X 50 X 1000)/(volume of sampletaken)

Total alkalinity =(3.39x0.02x50x1000)/(20)

=196.5mg/l
RESULT

Total alkalinity present in given sample = 196.5mg/l

similarly
Dosage in gm Total alkalinity
in mg/l
0.2 258
0.3 138
0.4 428
0.5 338.33
0.6 298.33
 TOTAL SOLIDS
ALUM
TABULATION

Dosage in gm Initial weight of Final weight of

container in gm container in gm

0.1 17.500 17.561

0.2 17.500 17.573

0.3 17.500 17.584

0.4 17.500 17.560

0.5 17.500 17.567

0.6 17.500 17.640

CALCULATION

Total solids for 0.1gm dosage

Initial weight of container W₁ =17.500

Final weight of container W₂ =17.561

Weight of residue =W₂-W₁=17.500-17.561

=0.061
Amount of total solids present in sample
=(mg of residue/volume of sample taken)x1000
=(0.061/10)x1000
=6.1g/l=6100mg/l
RESULT

Total disolved solids of given sample = 6100mg/l

similarly

Dosage in gm Total solids in

mg/l
0.2 7300
0.3 8400
0.4 6000
0.5 6700
0.6 14000