HOW SAFETY

WORKS
Topic of the Month: Scaffold
erection
Prepared by: Jonathan Baldomero & Ferdie Genese
Introduction

o Data shows that 24% of the total SIPP

interventions this 2004 came from
scaffold.

o Recent surveys conducted by SIPP

that only 30% of the erectors are
proficient in scaffold procedures of
erection.

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What Is a Scaffold?
o Scaffold - is defined as an elevated, temporary work
platform. There are three basic types of scaffolds.
1. Supported, 2. Suspended, 3. Others: Manlifts etc.

o Common Hazards Associated With All Scaffolds

o Falls from elevation, due to lack of fall protection;
o Collapse of the scaffold, caused by instability or
overloading;
o Being struck by falling tools, work materials, or
debris; and
o Electrocution, principally due to proximity of the
scaffold to overhead power lines.
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Types of Scaffolds
Fabricated or Frame scaffolds
o The most common type of
scaffold because they are
versatile, economical, and easy
to use.
o These are frequently used by
residential & building
contractors. Their modular
frames can also be stacked
several stories high for use on
large scale construction jobs.

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Types of Scaffolds
Mobile scaffold
o A powered or
unpowered, portable,
caster or wheel-
mounted supported
scaffold.
o Commonly used at Intel
manufacturing areas.

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Types of Scaffolds
Tubular/coupler
scaffolds
o A supported or suspended
scaffold consisting of a
platform(s) supported by
tubing, erected with
coupling devices connecting
uprights, braces, bearers,
and runners.

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 Types of Scaffolds
Interior hung scaffold
o A suspension scaffold
consisting of a platform
suspended from the
ceiling or roof structure
by fixed length supports.
o The best scaffold to use
inside Intel’s interstitial Hanging scaffold

areas.
installed/rest on structural beams

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Support structure
o Components shall be capable of
supporting, without failure, its own
weight and at least 4 times the
maximum intended load.
o Suspension scaffold rigging must at
least 6 times the intended load.
o Exceeds 12 ft requires design &
approval from structural engineer

Bracing
o Frames must be connected by cross,
vertical & horizontal bracing
o Diagonal bracing shall be installed at
approx 45 degrees in angle Cross &
horizontal braces
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Support structure
o Plumb, level & square
26 ft
o 4:1 ratio
o Not to exceed 26 ft. vertically 4:1 ratio
o Not to exceed 30 ft horizontal

Pinning
o Joined together by coupling,
stacking or equivalent means.
o End to end coupler
o Use of fixed clamp
o Universal clamp
Scaffold connected
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Support structure
Posts
o Nominal 2-inch steel pipe
o Plumb, erected on suitable base
o Spaced no more than 6ft x 6ft 6
inch apart
Good support
Footing
o Base plate
o Mud sills
o Screw jacks – use less than 2\3
of total length of thread

Safe distance
o At least 10 ft from power lines Scaffold erected away
from power lines
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Support structure
Runners
o Runner shall be placed not
more than 6 ft 6 inch. on
centers
o Bottom runners shall be
located as close to the base
o Interlocked to form
continuous length

Bearers
o Installed transversely
between posts
o Coupled directly to runners
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Guardrail systems
o Shall be 2” X 4” or the
equivalent (2” nominal
diameter for tubular
scaffolds
o Top rail – 39 to 45 inches
o Withstand force of 200 lbs
o Mid rail – installed halfway
between the toprail and
platform
o Withstand force of 150 lbs

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Access
o Safe access needed at 2 ft. above or
below an access point.
o OSHA & Intel forbids climbing cross
bracing as a means of access.
Stairway type ladder:
o Bottom step is not more than 24 inches
above scaffold.
o Has rest platform at maximum interval
of 12 feet.
o Minimum step width of 16 inches.

Attachable & Built in ladder :

o Rest platform at 35-ft interval

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Platform
Planking
Scaffold platforms can be either
sawn or laminated lumber
planks or prefabricated
aluminum and plywood
platforms.
o Must be fully decked or planked
o No gaps greater than 1 inch
between platform & uprights.
o Maximum opening of 9 1\2
inches
o Platforms & walkways must be at
least 18 inches wide.

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Platform
o No more than 14 inch gap
between the work and the
platform
o Timber planking – 1500 lb-f/sq in
(stress grade) construction grade
lumber
o Overlapping at least 6 to 12
inches
o No paint on wood platform
except on edges
o 2 inch thick
o Shall not deflect more than 1/60 Scaffold installed that has gap
of more than 14 inches
of the span when loaded
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Falling object protection
o Nothing that can cause tripping,
fall or slip is allowed to
accumulate on the platform.
o Protect employees by using
o Hardhats
o Debris nets
o Canopy

Toeboards
o 4 inches high
o Withstand force of 50 lbs.
o Gaps not more than 1/4 inch
and fastened above platform Nets with toeboard at least 4 inch
height without gap to the platform
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Component of scaffolds
o Tubular/coupler scaffolds

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Component of scaffolds
o Fabricated/
Frame Mobile
scaffolds

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Training
o Scaffold erectors must be trained by
a 3rd party training center & fall
protection trained.

Competent person
o Qualified, trained and authorized to
stop unsafe activity
o Must have the ability to identify and
anticipate hazards
o Must understand the concepts of fall
protection, scaffold inspection,
assembly & disassembly
o Required to be on the job site when
scaffold is erected, dismantled or
altered
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Back Up Files

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General Requirements
o All scaffolding will be erected and maintained in accordance with state
and federal OSHA standards (Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part
1926, Subpart L) & Intel Scaffold Sign-off Guideline.
o Scaffolds shall be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the
supervision and direction of a competent person qualified in scaffold
erection, moving, dismantling or alteration. Such activities shall be
performed only by experienced and trained employees selected for such
work by the competent person.
o Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be capable of supporting,
without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum
intended load.
o Scaffold products from different manufactures shall not be mixed on a
scaffold, unless they are specifically designed to be used together.
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General Requirements
o Guardrails, midrails, and toeboards shall be installed on all open sides
and ends of platforms 6 ft. above the working surface (floor).
o Guardrails shall be 2” X 4” or the equivalent (2” nominal diameter
for tubular scaffolds) approximately 42” in ht. with a midrail. Supports
shall be at intervals not to exceed 8 ft.
o Toeboards shall be of 4” in height.
o Scaffold planks shall extend over their end supports not less than 6
inches nor more than 12 inches.
o Any scaffold including accessories such as braces, brackets, trusses,
screw legs, ladders, etc. damaged or weakened from any cause shall be
immediately repaired or replaced.
o Timber planking is allowed for the scaffold and shall have a minimum
of 1,500 fiber (stress grade) construction grade lumber.
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General Requirements
o Scaffold erectors will be required to be certified by the third party trainer
and to follow Intel Fall Protection procedures. Any exception will be
discussed with EHS/SIPP and IOW.
o Never erect a scaffold within 10 feet of power lines.
o Use of a scaffold by multiple contractors must be approved by the
EHS/SIPP and IOW/CM. Each contractor will be responsible to inspect
and ensure the scaffold is in safe condition prior to any employee
working on the scaffold. These type of systems should be inspected daily
by EHS/SIPP and IOW/CM.
o Any scaffold that exceeds 12 feet requires a scaffold plan or drawing be
submitted to the EHS/SIPP prior to erection. The plan must be on
company letterhead and signed by the scaffold designer.
o Do not ride on rolling scaffold.

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General Requirements
o Scaffolding will be inspected for safe conditions on a daily basis.
The contractor responsible will maintain a daily inspection permit
and must conform to the requirements on the project site.
o Straight access ladder attached to scaffolding should not exceed 20
feet without a break or offset that would limit a potential fall
exposure. Access ladder that exceed 20 feet from the ground level
should be place inside the scaffolds frame with trap door conditions
at access levels.
o Ladders shall not be used on scaffolds to increase the working level
height of employees, except on large area scaffolds where employees
have satisfied some reasonable criteria.
o Makeshift devices, such as but not limited to boxes and barrels, shall
not be use on top of scaffold platforms to increase the working level
height of employees.
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General Requirements
o Scaffold tower, single-section, or rolling scaffolds must not
exceed a 4:1 base-to-height ratio without structural bracing.
Nor shall any section of the scaffold exceed a 4:1 ratio without
structural bracing.
o Cantilevered or outrigger scaffolds must have documentation to
demonstrate safe loading conditions.
o All suspended scaffolds require independent safety lines for each
employee. Employees must use a full body harness when
working from any suspended scaffold.
o Personal fall arrest system used on scaffolds shall be attached
by a lanyard to a vertical lifeline, horizontal lifeline, or scaffold
structural member.
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Diagnostic test

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