MARINE BIOME

ADVINCULA. CUENCA. MENDIORO

MARINE
of or relating to the sea; existing in or
produced by the sea: marine
vegetation

BIOME
a complex biotic community characterized
by distinctive plant and animal species and
maintained under the climatic conditions of the
region, especially such a community that has
developed to
climax.
- more than 230 distinct species
- characterized by salty waters that have a lot
of biodiversity making up numerous complex
ecosystems
- prestigious due to it’s a biotic factors
- the sun is essential to this biome as it provides
the sunlight needed for algae and
phytoplankton, which are the cornerstone of
the ocean’s food chain
- Water depth and water temperature
significantly affect the life that exists in this
biome
Marine biome is a division of aquatic
biome, which also consists of freshwater
biome. It is a unique collection of
underwater ecosystems, which supports
a wide range of animals, plants, and
conditions. Marine biome is, essentially,
an oceanic ecosystem.
• Pacific Ocean
• Atlantic Ocean
• Indian Ocean
• Arctic Ocean
• Southern Ocean
Marine biome experiences an average temperature of 39
degrees Fahrenheit (4 degrees Celsius). The ocean biome is
naturally colder at the South Pole, but as you approach the
equator, it becomes warmer because the sun rays strike the
water surface directly. Marine species are continually
impacted by any change in climatic condition. The oceans
are frequently disturbed by oceans waves and currents. This
phenomenon causes typhoons and hurricanes, which may
not have any impact on many marine species.
TWO MAJOR TYPES OF PLANTS:
1. Sea Grasses
2. Algae and Seaweeds
Seaweeds fall into the family of the most
sophisticated plants. Algae and seaweeds
manifest simple forms and are typically
microscopic.
Some plants thrive deep into
the ocean where there is no
sunlight. These plants, called
phosphorescent, produce
chemical lights.
Phytoplankton
The smallest plants
thriving in the
marine biome are
phytoplankton. They
are single-celled
plants and are the
cornerstone of the
marine food chain.
Green algae (Chlorophyta)
Green algae represent the most
popular marine plant. Chlorophyll
content gives these plants their
characteristic bright green color.
Red algae are the largest and
most diverse plant species in the
marine biome. They owe their
color to the pigment
phycoerythrin. Some even stick
themselves to corals and create
reefs eventually. Both red and
green algae species favor cold
and warm water.
Cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria)
previous referred to as blue-green
algae, are chiefly microscopic
strands. These microscopic strands
convert nitrogen derived from the
atmosphere into forms that are able to
be used by other marine plants.
Marine biome plants
typically live in various
habitats throughout the
world, including open
seas, salt marshes or
near shores.
• the Giant Kelp
(seaweed mostly found
in the South Pacific)
grows in colonies in the
warm coastal waters.
• sea ice algae, grows
on floating ice sheets.
1. fish
2. whales
3. crustaceans
4. mollusks
5. sea
anemones
6. fungi
7. bacteria
 Tiger Shark

Feed on fish, marine

mammals, seabirds,
crustaceans and
mollusks. They live near
coastlines in the
tropical and subtropical
waters. Tiger Sharks
have sharp teeth to
devour their prey.
Grey Whale
Their main source of food is
small crustacean-like
amphipods and tubeworms.
They mainly live in shallow
waters of the North Pacific
Ocean. Grey Whales have long
streamlined bodies to
effortlessly glide through the
water.
Starfish
Feeds on oysters, plankton,
and clams. It’s mainly found in
Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic
oceans. It has a calcareous
skin for regeneration and
protection.
Sea Horse
Sea Horse feeds on shrimps. It lives
in coral reefs and seagrass beds in
tropical waters. Sea Horse has
mobile eyes that can see without
moving. The male carries fertilized
eggs, contrary to the belief that
the female is supposed to carry
the egg.
Types of
Marine
Biomes
Oceans
Oceans are the largest
types of marine biomes
with a huge array of
organisms. They bond
with the land habitat
through the inter-tidal
zone (where tides rise
and fall). Nevertheless,
the land and ocean work
hand-in-hand to transport
heat and water
throughout the earth.
Coral reefs
Coral reefs are underwater
limestone structures generated
by minute invertebrate animal
species known as corals. Coral
reefs only develop in shallow,
Tropical Ocean. These animals
secrete limestone (calcium
carbonate) to develop an
external skeleton. They usually
live in groups, and the skeletal
material continues to develop
to form a reef.
Estuaries
Estuaries are, basically, bays
where rivers empty into
oceans. They are typically semi-
enclosed, which makes them
protected areas. The surrounding
waters are nutrient-packed
coming from the rivers, and they
are shallow enough to allow
penetration of sunlight to aid
photosynthesis. Due to this
aspect, estuaries are brimming
with marine life.
Interaction between
Organisms
Symbiosis

• Types of Symbiosis
• Mutualism
• Commensalism
• Parasitism
• Mimicry

Symbiotic relationships are

non-competitive and
include mutualism,
commensalism, parasitism,
and mimicry. All types of
symbiosis are highly efficient
and help to achieve a
balance in the ecosystem.
Mimicry Fish in Ocean Floor
Mutualism (+ +)

Mutualistic relationships
defined under symbiosis are
those relationships where
both species benefit from the
association.
• Types of Mutualism
• Defensive Symbiosis: A
Mutualistic Relationship
• Obligate Mutualism: One
Organism Cannot Survive
Without the Other Sea anemone and clownfish

• Protocooperation Symbiosis:
Not Obligatory, but Beneficial
to Both
Commensalism (+ 0)

One Organism
Benefits, the Other
Is Unharmed
Commensalism is a
symbiotic
relationship where
one species
provides protection
for another less
mobile or more
vulnerable species

Whale and Barnacle

Parasitism (+ -)
One Benefits, the Other
May or May Not Suffer
The parasite feeds on the
host's body but does not
kill the host.
Two types of hosts exist in
these relationships
Definitive host - provides
a home to an adult
parasite
Intermediate host -
unknowingly offers a
home to a juvenile
parasite

Porcelain Crab and Barnacle

 Phoresy Relationship
(+ +)

Transport Hosts and Food

Sources
A phoresy symbiotic
relationship occurs when
one organism lives on or
near the body of another,
but not as a parasite, and
performs a beneficial
service to the host and
itself.

Shark and remora fish

 Predation (+ -)

A well-known symbiotic relationship

exists between a predator and its
prey.
Thought not considered a parasitic
relationship because the predator
does not live in or on the body of
the animal it eats, it is still a
symbiotic relationship because the
predator would not survive without
the other organism giving up its life.

Shark and Seal

 Competition

Competition between
species occurs when both
entities vie for the same
resources in the
ecosystem. This type of
symbiotic relationship
works in reverse; one or
both organisms suffer
because of the existence
of each other.
Major Threat
to Biomes
1. Rising Temperature of Sea Water
2. Marine Creatures Sold as Souvenirs
3. Toxic Industrial Waste
4. Overload of Noise from Ships
5. Shark Finning
6. Taking Marine Creatures Into Captivity
7. Dolphin Hunt
8. Trawling from Ships
9. Habitat Destruction
10.Dredging
11. Plastic
12. Worsening Climate