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Skeletal System
Skeletal System
BONES
A type of mineralized
connective tissue that
contains collagen and
calcium phosphate, a
mineral crystal. Calcium
phosphate gives bone its
firmness. Bone tissue
may be compact or
spongy. Bones provide
support and protection
for the body's organs.
MAJOR ORGANS OF THE
SKELETAL SYSTEM
CARTILAGE
A form of fibrous
connective tissue that is
composed of closely
packed collagenous fibers
in a rubbery gelatinous
substance called
chondrin. Cartilage
provides flexible support
for certain structures in
adult humans, including
the nose, trachea, and
ears.
MAJOR ORGANS OF THE
SKELETAL SYSTEM
TENDON
A fibrous band of
connective tissue that is
bonded to bone and
connects muscle to bone.
MAJOR ORGANS OF THE
SKELETAL SYSTEM
LIGAMENT
A fibrous band of
connective tissue that
joins bones and other
connective tissues
together at joints.
CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
• Bones are classified according to their shape (5)
CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
Long bones
Typically longer than wide
Have a shaft with heads at both
ends
Contain mostly compact bone
Examples:
Femur (thigh bone),
humerus (arm bone),
all the bones of the limbs
(except wrist and ankle)
CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
Short bones
Generally cube-shape
Contain mostly spongy bone
Examples: Carpals (wrist), tarsals (ankle)
CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
Flat bones
Thin layers of compact
bone around a layer of
spongy bone
Usually curved
Examples: Skull, ribs,
sternum (breastbone),
scapula (shoulder
blade)
CLASSIFICATION OF BONES
Sesamoid (round) bones
Small and nodular
Embedded within tendons
adjacent to joints
Example: kneecap
(patella)
DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM
• Skeletal system
is divided into
two main
division
– Axial – central
skeleton that
protects and
supports vital
organs
– Appendicular –
skeleton of the
extremities
DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM:
AXIAL
– Facial bones – 14
bones that make up the
face; all but 2 are
paired
DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM:
AXIAL
• Made of bones
which connect
and protect
heart and lungs
• Ribs, Costal
Cartilage, and
Sternum
DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM:
AXIAL
• Supports body
• Connects skull to pelvis
• Sends weight down to
pelvis, where it is
transmitted through
the legs
• Surrounds and protects
spinal cord
• 26 total bones
DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM:
AXIAL
• 4 main divisions
– 1) Cervical curvature
– 2)Thoracic curvature
– 3)Lumbar curvature
– 4)Pelvic
• Sacrum
• Thorax
DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM:
APPENDICULAR
• The appendicular
skeleton consists
of 126 bones. The
primary bones of
this skeleton are
the shoulder or
pectoral girdle,
arms, hands,
pelvic girdle, legs,
and feet.
DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM:
APPENDICULAR
• Also called
pectoral girdle
• Composed of
only two bones
– Clavicle
– Scapula
DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM:
APPENDICULAR
• Collar bone
• Double-curved
• Attaches medially to
manubrium of sternum
• Attaches laterally to
scapula
• Acts as a brace, keeping
arm away from thorax
• Also prevents shoulder
dislocation
DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM:
APPENDICULAR
• Shoulder Blade
• Main function is
attachment of shoulder
• Major point of muscle
attachment for
movement of arms
• Weakly attached to
thorax, so moves easily
DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETAL
SYSTEM:
APPENDICULAR
• Arms
composed of
long bones
• Humerus
(upper arm)
• Radius and
Ulna
(forearm)
MECHANISM
CONSUME
FOODS
AND
DRINKS
HIGH IN
CALCIUM
PROPER CARE
GET PLENTY
OF VITAMIN D
PROPER CARE
EAT A
HEALTHY
DIET RICH IN
MANGANESE,
ZINC, AND
COPPER
PROPER CARE
DRINK AT
LEAST
EIGHT
GLASSES OF
CLEAN
WATER
EVERY DAY
PROPER CARE
AVOID
EXCESSIVE
AMOUNTS OF
HARMFUL
SUBSTANCES
PROPER CARE
GET
ENOUGH
EXERCISE
PROPER CARE
GET AT LEAST
EIGHT HOURS
OF SLEEP
EVERY NIGHT
PROPER CARE
WORK ON
GOOD
POSTURE
PROPER CARE
AVOID
SMOKING
AND
DRINKING
IN EXCESS
PROPER CARE
ASK YOUR
DOCTOR TO
HELP WITH
PREVENTION
END