WHAT ARE THE THREE-DIGIT

NUMBERS THAT CAN BE FORMED

USING THE DIGITS 1, 2, 3, AND 4?
FORM AT LEAST THREE-LETTER
WORDS WITH MEANING USING
THE LETTERS IN THE WORD
“MATHEMATICS”.
SUPPOSE YOU GOT 3 PAIRS OF JEANS
AND 5 DIFFERENT BLOUSES. HOW
MANY POSSIBLE OUTFITS CAN YOU
MAKE IF YOU HAVE TO WEAR JEANS
AND A BLOUSE?
 LESSON 10:
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE
OF COUNTING
 ADDITION RULE

If there are two jobs such that they

can be performed independently in
"m" and "n" ways respectively, then
either of the two jobs can be
performed in (m + n) ways.
 MULTIPLICATION RULE

If one thing can occur in m ways and a

second thing can occur in n ways, and
a third thing can occur in p ways, and
so on, then the sequence of things can
occur in m × n × p × … ways.
 TREE DIAGRAM

It is a diagram used to illustrate

the number of choices that can
be made from sets.
WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES
AND DISADVANTAGES OF
TREE DIAGRAM?
SUPPOSE YOU GOT 3 PAIRS OF JEANS
AND 5 DIFFERENT BLOUSES. HOW
MANY POSSIBLE OUTFITS CAN YOU
MAKE IF YOU HAVE TO WEAR JEANS
AND A BLOUSE?
 EXAMPLE 1

In a class, there are 27 boys and 14

girls. The teacher wants to select a
representative for the said
competition. In how many ways
can the teacher make this selection?
 EXAMPLE 2

Given 7 flags of different colors, how

many different signals can
be generated if a signal requires the
use of two flags, one below the other?
 EXAMPLE 3
A person wants to buy one fountain pen,
one ball pen and one pencil from a
stationery shop. If there are 10 fountain pen
varieties, 12 ball pen varieties and 5 pencil
varieties, in how many ways can he
select these articles?
 EXAMPLE 4

Twelve students compete in a race.

In how many ways first
three prizes be given?
 EXAMPLE 5

From among the 36 teachers in a

college, one principal, one vice-
principal and the teacher-in charge are
to be appointed. In how many ways
this can be done?
 EXAMPLE 6

There are 6 multiple choice questions in an

examination. How many sequences of
answers are possible, if the first three
questions have 4 choices each and the next
three have 2 each?
 EXAMPLE 7

How many numbers are there

between 500 and 1000 which
have exactly one of their digits as 8?
 EXAMPLE 8
How many five-digit number license plates can
be made if
a) first digit cannot be zero and the repetition
of digits is not allowed?
b) the first digit cannot be zero, but the
repetition of digits is allowed?
 EXAMPLES

A red die, a blue die, and a green

die are tossed. In how many ways
can the three dice fall?
 EXAMPLES

You can leave the island either by plane or

by boat. If there are 5 flights and 3 boats
leaving the island every day, in how many
ways can you leave the island today?
 EXAMPLES

How many 5-letter “words” (the

words need not make sense) can
be formed from the letters of the
English alphabet?
 EXAMPLES

A car buyer can choose one of three

different models of a new car. Five
different colors are available for each.
How many ways can the buyer make
the choices?
 EXAMPLES
Jacob is selecting color pens. The first
characteristic is the point, which may be either
felt tip or ball-point. The second characteristic
is the color – red, blue, green, or black. The
third characteristic is the brand – Faber Castell
or Stabilo. How many possible selections of a
pen can Jacob make?
 EXAMPLES
You are ordering dinner at a restaurant.
How many ways can you order a meal if
you have two choices for a drink (coffee or
tea), three main courses to choose from
(chicken, beef, or fish), and two desserts
(pie or cake)?
 EXAMPLES

Ann is choosing a password for her

access to the Internet. She decides not
to use the digit 0 or the letter O. How
many passwords of 2 letters followed
by 4 digits are possible?
 EXAMPLES

Four different books, A, B, C, and

D, are to be arranged on a shelf.
How many arrangements are
possible?
 EXAMPLES

A bag company manufactures

ladies’ bags in 8 styles, 6 colors,
and 3 sizes. How many bags are
available?
 EXAMPLES

A pizza parlor offers 3 choices of salad,

7 kinds of pizza, and 5 different
desserts. How many different 3-course
meals can one order?
 EXAMPLES

There are 30 students in a class. In

how many ways can a class elect a
president, vice president, secretary, and
a treasurer?
 EXAMPLES

How many two-digit even numbers

can be formed from the digits 0, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 if repetition of digits
is permitted? If the repetition of
digits is not allowed?
 EXAMPLES

How many three-digit odd numbers can be

formed from the digits 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 if the
digits cannot be repeated? If the digits can
be repeated?
 EXAMPLES
Consider the digits 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8. If repetitions
are not allowed, how many 3-digit:
1. numbers can be formed?
2. numbers less than 500 can be formed?
3. even numbers can be formed?
4. numbers are multiples of 5?