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Chapter 26 Electromagnetism
Chapter 26 Electromagnetism
Chapter
The discovery that a current-carrying
coil produces a magnetic field led to
some of the most useful inventions in
science.
A soft iron core with current-carrying
coils wrapped around it can be used
as an electromagnet.
The motor was invented after the
observation that a current-carrying
conductor experiences a force
when placed in between the poles of
a magnet.
Chapter 26: Electromagnetism
Magnetic Effect of an Electric Current
Historical background
Electromagnetism is the relationship between electricity
and magnetism.
This relationship was first discovered by Hans Oersted in
1820. He showed that a compass needle deflects when
placed near a wire that is carrying a current.
Oersted discovered that a current-carrying wire sets up a
magnetic field.
Field in a Solenoid
The field in a solenoid is identical
to that of a bar magnet. It consists of:
• straight lines in the centre section
• loops that spread out at the sides
In conclusion,
An electromotive force and hence a current, is induced whenever
there is a change in magnetic field inside a coil.
B A B A
As the north pole of the magnet When the north pole of the magnet is
approaches the coil, the direction of moving away from the coil, the direction of
In conclusion,
the induced current is such that A acts the induced current is reversed such that
The direction
as a north of motion
pole . The the induced
of thee.m.f., or current
A actsifas
present,
a southispole.
in a direction
The motionthatof the
opposes
magnet the change that gives rise to it (Lenz’s
is opposed. magnet Law).
is opposed.
When the number of turns in coil is increased, the angle of deflection is also larger.
More turns
Less turns
Fleming’s Right hand rule and Lenz’s Law are used to predict the
direction of induced current.
When the coil is horizontal, the rate at which it is cutting the magnetic lines is the
highest. Hence the induced electromotive force is maximum (as shown in
positions B and D)
When the coil is vertical, the rate at which the the coil is cutting the magnetic
lines is the lowest. Hence the induced electromotive force is minimum (as shown
in positions A,C and A’)
As the magnetic
An alternating field lines cut the
current is passed secondary coils, an
through the coils of alternating e.m.f. is
the primary coil. induced in the coils.
The current produces a magnetic field but the field will alternate in direction as
the current keeps alternating in direction. The iron core links the alternating
magnetic field to the secondary coils.
hence,
IP Vs Ns
= =
IS Vp Np