Cognitive Behavioral

Therapy (CBT) Model of

Cognitive Stimulation

Muhammad Arsyad Subu

Rutgers State University of New Jersey

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CBT
 Introduction

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is

based on the concept that we are what
we think. That is, our attitude and
viewpoint of our selves and our life
determines how we perceive and react
to events.
 Purpose

• CBT attempts to change clients'

unhealthy behavior through cognitive
restructuring (examining assumptions
behind the thought patterns) and
through the use of behavior therapy
techniques.
 The Basics of (CBT)
1. Came out of the behavioral psychology
tradition
2. Leading proponents were Aaron Beck and
Albert Ellis
3. 1960s were the starting point and began
with the treatment of depression.
 Facts CBT

• Research indicates that CBT has been

as successful in decreasing depression
as medication therapy.
• The advantage of CBT is that there are
no side effects and the individual is able
to practice CBT skills for the rest of their
life.
 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
(CBT)
• CBT is based on the concept that
changing negative thinking patterns and
behaviors can have a powerful effect on
a person's emotions and cognitive.
• CBT helps identify, analyze and change
counter-productive thoughts and
behaviors, which helps to stimulate
cognitive function.
 Definition CBT
• Focused form of psychotherapy based on a model
suggesting that psychiatric-psychological disorders
involve dysfunctional thinking
• The way an individual feels and behaves in influenced
by the way s/he structures his experiences.
• Cognitive therapy is a psychosocial (both
psychological and social) therapy that assumes that
faulty thought patterns (called cognitive patterns)
cause maladaptive behavior and emotional
responses.
 Definition CBT
• The treatment focuses on changing thoughts in order
to solve psychological and personality problems.
• Behavior therapy is also a goal-oriented, therapeutic
approach, and it treats emotional and behavioral
disorders as maladaptive learned responses that can
be replaced by healthier ones with appropriate
training.
• CBT integrates features of behavior modification
into the traditional cognitive restructuring approach.
 Definition CBT

• Modifying dysfunctional thinking

provides improvements in symptoms
and modifying dysfunctional beliefs that
underlie dysfunctional thinking leads to
more durable improvement
• Therapy is driven by a cognitive
conceptualization and uses a variety of
strategies.
 CBT different from other
therapies?

• Years of clinical research and experience have

shown that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an
extremely effective form of therapy.
• It relies on simple yet powerful interventions, not
"trendy," unproven techniques.
• CBT is based on the scientific method, and the logic
and belief in the power of the individual to "take
charge" and change their negative thoughts, feelings,
and actions.
• It is usually of a short duration and is action-oriented.
 CBT for Cognitive Impairments

• Language
• Perception
• Spatial attention
• Attention
• Memory
• Executive abilities
• Apraxia
 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
work?

• Extensive scientific research has shown that changing

the way a person thinks and behaves can have a
profound effect on one's emotional state.
• CBT utilizes a very directive, action-oriented approach
which teaches a person to explore, identify and
analyze dysfunctional patterns of thinking and acting.
• Once these counterproductive patterns are identified,
the therapist instructs the patient how to challenge
and restructure their behavior and thinking.
• Behavior becomes based on rational, reality-based
thinking.
 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy?

• CBT is based on a collaborative relationship

between caregiver and patient.
• It is most effective with highly motivated
people who are determined to help
themselves feel better.
• CBT has helped many people who are
suffering from cognitive problems, depression,
anxiety, and other disorders.
 Techniques

• Validity testing
• Cognitive rehearsal.
• Guided discovery
• Guided Imagery
 Techniques

• Writing in a journal.
• Homework
• Modeling.
• Systematic positive reinforcement
• Token Economy.
 Preparation
• Because cognitive-behavioral therapy is a
collaborative effort between therapist and patient, a
comfortable working relationship is critical to
successful treatment.
• Individuals interested in CBT should schedule a
consultation session with their prospective therapist
before starting treatment.
• The consultation session is similar to an interview
session, and it allows both patient and therapist to get
to know one another.
• During the consultation, the therapist gathers
information to make an initial assessment of the
patient and to recommend both direction and goals for
treatment.
 Preparation
• The patient has the opportunity to learn about the
therapist's professional credentials, his/her approach
to treatment, and other relevant issues.
• In some managed-care settings, an intake interview is
required before a patient can meet with a therapist.
• The intake interview is typically performed by a
psychiatric nurse, counselor, or social worker, either
face-to-face or over the phone.
• It is used to gather a brief background on treatment
history and make a preliminary evaluation of the
patient before assigning them to a therapist.
 References
• Alford, B. A., and A. T. Beck. The integrative power of cognitive therapy.
New York: Guilford, 1997.
• Beck, A. T. Prisoners of hate: the cognitive basis of anger, hostility, and
violence. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1999.
• Craighead, Linda W. Cognitive and Behavioral Interventions: An
Empirical Approach to Mental Health Problems. Boston: Allyn and
Bacon, 1994.
• Nathan, Peter E., and Jack M. Gorman. A Guide to Treatments that
Work.2nd edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
• Weishaar, Marjorie. "Cognitive Therapy." In Encyclopedia of Mental
Health, edited by Howard S. Friedman. San Diego, CA: Academic
Press, 1998.
• Wolpe, Joseph. The Practice of Behavior Therapy. Tarrytown, NY:
Pergamon Press, 1996.
• Paula Ford-Martin, M.A.