MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY-
SIKANDER KUMAR
SCHOLAR NO- 192111113
CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
AIM OF GROUTING
TYPES OF GROUTING MATERIAL
METHODS OF GROUTING
APPLICATIONS OF GROUT
REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION
• Grouting is the technique of injecting some kind of
stablising agent, either in suspension or solution
from, into the sub surface soil or rock under pressure.
to achieve a decrease in permeability and
compressibility, to improve its strength or to decrease
seepage flow.
• These stabilising agent react with soil to form a stable
mass.
 AIMS OF GROUTING
• To decrease the permeability.
• To decrease the compressibility.
• To increase the shear strength.
• To increase resistance against deformation.
• To reduce conductivity and interconnected porosity.
• To supply cohesion.
• Slope stablisation.
• Stabilising of loose sands against liquefaction.
 CLASSIFICATION OF GROUT
MATERIALS
A large variety of materials can be used for grouting;
the selection depends on requirements of durability,
penetration, and strength. Grout materials are classified
as follows.
 SUSPENSION GROUT
 EMULSION GROUT
 SOLUTION GROUT
SUSPENSION GROUT

• This type comprises of mixture of cement plus

water and other particulate solids such as clay,
fly ash, lime, asphalt emulsion etc.
• Bhinghamian fluids.
EMULSION GROUT
• These are Colloidal solutions, evolutive
Newtonian fluids in which viscosity
progressively increases with time.
• They are diluted sodium silicate with organic
and inorganic reagents.
.
SOLUTION GROUT
• Pure cement suspensions that exhibit
significant water loss by sedimentation can be
made stable by addition of clay or bentonite,
which renders them cohesive and viscous.
• These are non- evolution Newtonian fluids
• Pure solution is based on acrylic, phenolic, and
amino resins.
• Viscosity may be constant until a given setting
time.
 GROUTING TECHNIQUES
• Compaction or displacement
• Jet or replacement grouting
• Chemical or permeation
• Slurry or intrusion method
 Compaction or displacement
• Compaction grouting is the method
of injecting thick viscous paste- like
slurry at high pressure to form a
bulb-shaped grouted mass in the
ground.
• Extensively used to establise
foundation of large structure,
bridges, culverts etc.
• Bulbous/Spherical shaped intrusions
range of 0.5 to 1.0 m are formed.
• Soil-cement grout.
ADVANTAGES
• More economical.
• Minimize the need of extensive exploration.
• Minimize risk during construction.
• Non-hazardous

DISADVANTAGES
• Not valid in decomposed material.
• Risk of filling underground pipes with grout.
• Relative ineffective in stabilising near surface soils.
 Jet or Replacement Grouting
• The technique is called
Replacement \ Displacement
because a part of the soil is
removed by the jetting
action and is replaced by the
grout material and the grout
is injected at high pressure
partly to mix with the
remaining soil and partly to
displace the surrounding
soil.
• Jet grouting use 69000
kN/m2 per meter depth.
 TYPES OF JET GROUTING
• SINGLE JET OR ONE FLUID SYSTEM
• DOUBLE JET OR 02 FLUID SYSTEM
• TRIPLE JET OR 03 FLUID SYSTEM.
Advantages
• Nearly all soil types grout able.
• No harmful vibrations.
• Can be performed in limited workspace.
 Chemical or permeation
• Chemical grouting is the injection of properly
formulated chemicals into sandy soils.
• Chemical grouting is also known as permeation
grouting as the injection of grout in soils is done in a
manner that the arrangement of the soils grains not
disturbed and only the void space is filled by process of
permeation, that is seepage.
• Chemical groute is generally based on sodium silicate
solution and inorganic reagents,e.g sodium aluminum
and sodium bicarbonate. Acrylates and sodium silicate
are commonly used as grout materials.
 Slurry or intrusion method
• Slurry grouting is the intrusion of flowable
particulate grouts into voids and cracks
underground.
• The grout material are cement, clay, bentonite,
sand, additives, microfine cement, fly ash, lime
and water.
APPLICATION OF GROUTING
1. Seepage Control
– For making vertical seepage barriers beneath hydraulic
structures.
– Stoppage of seepage through joints of underground.
– structures such as tunnel lining/ basement wall, etc.
– For stabilization of soil around tunnels and shafts.
2. Soil Solidification and Stabilization
– For stabilization of soil around tunnels and shafts.

3. Vibration Control
– Chemical foundation through machine foundation soil will
alter the elastic property of soil and result in increased in
rigidity of base resulting in decrease in base amplitude.
4. Restoration of verticality tilled building.

5. In Tunnel Construction

6. Provide strength to Weak Soil

 REFERENCE
• B.C Chattopadhyay, D. E. and Joyanta Maity, 2015, Foundation Engg-
Ground Improvement Technique, New Delhi, 502-510 p.
• Dr. K.R. Arora, 2018, Soil Mechcanics and Foundation Engg- Ground
Improvement Technique, Delhi, 872 p.