MANGANESE

Section 2
Mencidor, Maria Pillina M.
Myles Caryle
Marco Nicolas
Manganese
• 12th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust.
• is found in over 250 minerals in which 15 are of
commercial importance.
• Other uses include as both scavenger and a
component in copper and aluminum alloys and in
production of dry cell batteries.
• Various compounds are widely used in fertilizers,
animal feeds, pharmaceutical products, dyes, paint
dryers, catalysts, and wood preservatives and in
production of glass and ceramics.
HEALTH EFFECTS
• Constituent of metalloenzymes and as an enzyme
activator.
• Manganese-containing enzymes include arginase,
pyruvate carboxylase, and manganese superoxide
dismutase in mitochondria.
• Manganese-activated enzymes include hydrolases,
kinases, decarboxylases, and transerases. Many of
these activations are nonspecific, so other metal
ions can replace manganese as an activator. Which
masks the effects of manganese deficiency.
Absorption, Transport, and Excretion
• Dietary manganese is poorly absorbed (from 2%-
15%) mainly from the small intestine.
• Dietary factors that affect manganese absorption
include iron, calcium, phosphates, and fiber.
DEFICIENCY
• Manganese deficiency leads to blood clotting defects,
hypocholesterolemia, dermatitis, and elevated serum
calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase
activity.
• Low levels of manganese are associated with epilepsy.
• Low levels of manganese was also suggested as an
underlying factor in hip abnormalities, joint disease,
and congenital malformation.
• Can also cause heart and bone problems and in
children, stunted growth.
TOXICITY
• Manganese toxicity causes nausea, vomiting,
headache, disorientation, memory loss, anxiety,
and compulsive laughing or crying. In chronic
form, manganese toxicity resembles Parkinson’s
disease with akinesia, rigidity, tremors, and
masklike faces.
• Locura manganica (manganese madness) is a
clinical condition described in Chilean miners
who have experienced acute manganese aerosol
intoxication.
LABORATORY EVALUATION
• ICP-MS
• GFAAS
• NAA
• Urine manganese is used in conjunction with
serum manganese to evaluate possible toxicity or
deficiency.
• Whole blood may best reflect manganese stored
in tissues
REFERENCE VALUES
• Manganese in serum: 0.43–0.76 g/L
• Manganese in whole blood: 10–11 g/L
• Manganese in urine: 2.0 g/L