Theorey

INTRODUCTION
URBAN AREA
Agglomeration of 5000 or Places of 1000 or more Any place with the 5000 or more
more inhabitants where 75 inhabitants, having a population population, having a population
per cent of the economic density of 400 persons or more density of 400 persons per sq. km. or
activity is non-agricultural. per square kilometre. more & municipality, corporation/
cantonment/ notify area.
SOURCE: Demographic Yearbook 2005, SOURCE: Demographic Yearbook 2005 ,
Botswana, AFRICA Canada, NORTH AMERICA SOURCE: Census of India, 2001
An urban area can be defined by:- 1.Administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the
jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee),
2. A threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement
is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000),
3. Population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the
population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment)
4. The presence of urban characteristics.(e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage). SOURCE: SOWC - 2012
DERIVED DEFINITION
Any area with minimum population of 5000, at least 75% of working pop should engaged in non-agricultural
activities and population density of at least 400 person sq./km
B.TECH (URP) Vth SEM- SESSION 2012-13

GROUP-2: SALONY, RABIA, KARANBIR KAUR, RUCHI,
SPP 304 (B): PLANNING STUDIO: URBAN STUDY YASHMEET, GAGANDEEP SINGH, RAJDEEP.
GURU RAMDAS SCHOOL OF PLANNING
GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY, AMRITSAR
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATIONS OF URBAN AREAS
POPULATION FUNCTION SCALE SHAPE

• Class 1:- > 1 lakh • Religious • Linear
• Eopolis
• Class 2:- 50,000- 1 lakh • Ring
• Industrial • Polis • Radial
• Class 3:-20,000-49,999
• Tourism • Metropolis • Star
• Class 4:- 10,000-19,999
• Class 5:- 5001- 9,999 • Trade & • Megalopolis • Galaxy
• Class 6:- Upto 5,000 Commerce • Neopolis • Dispersed sheet
• Administrative • Necropolis • Branch
• Satellite
• Concentric
BRANCH LINEAR STAR SHAPE GALAXY

CONCENTRIC
NEED TO STUDY THE URBAN AREA. METHODOLOGY
 Urban area are the engines of productivity and growth in a
country. SETTING OF OBJECTIVES
To know what are the rising problems of the area and their cause.
What type of norms and standards has been followed for the
development of the area and accordingly highlight the problem. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK:
Cities are growing in a haphazard way and there is no •GENERAL INTRODUCTION.
compatibility between two land uses. With this study we can identify • THEORY ABOUT VARIOUS ASPECT OF
the problems related to haphazard growth and can achieve THE EXERCISE.
compatibility between different land uses and can improve the •DATA IDENTIFICATION KIT.
present situation.
To provide facilities which can fulfill the requirement of the area
in terms of convenience, health and safety of people. FIELD VISIT:
To study the economic structure and need of the area and plan VISIT TO VARIOUS GOVERNMENT
according to requirement. OFFICES AND AGENCIES.
SURVEYS AND STUDIES
OBJECTIVES: • MAP UPDATION
•TRAFFIC VOLUME
•REIKI SURVEY
 To check the growth of the town.
To study the problem & explore the resources present in the town.
DATA COMPILATION
To check the direction of the future growth of the town • TABULATION AND
To know the existing problem related to housing and infrastructure PRESENTATION OF THE DATA
and to propose the same for upcoming population.
DATA ANALYSIS
To provide services and facilities to the population of the area
•STUDY OF NORMS AND
according to their need/ requirement. STANDARDS AND BRING OUT
PROBLEMS AND POTENTIAL
To check the activities which are generating economy for the
development.
FINAL MAPS
SCALE POPULATION
EOPOLIS City start to develop in this stage. Town Population
POLIS City started to develop more and more in this stage.
Class I 1 lakh
METROPOLIS A metropolis is a very large city or urban area which
is a significant economic, political and cultural centre
for a country or region, and an important hub for Class II 50,000- 1 lakh
regional or international connections and
communications.
Class III 20,000-49,999
Ex: Delhi, Calcutta
MEGALOPOLIS A region made of several large cities and there
surrounding areas in proximity to constitute a single Class IV 10,000-19,999
urban complex.
Ex: Mumbai, pune. Class V 5001- 9,999
NILOPOLIS City started to decline.

Class VI upto 5,000
NECROPOLIS It’s a stage of death.
SHAPE
Town Population CITY DEFINITION
Small < 50000 LINEAR The city would consist of a series of functionally specialized parallel
CITY sectors
Medium 50000- 500000 Concentric The idea is based on the fact that similar or functionally related
city activities will be located at the same distance from the center of an
Large >500000 urban area.
Satellite Town having all facilities, and services but it depends to nearly large
TOWN towns/ cities upto some extent.

SOURCES OF DATA
DATA : Any kind of information or facts to know about the existing situations. It may be obtained either from the primary
source or secondary source
TYPES OF DATA DEPENDING UPON THE SOURCE :
SOURCES OF DATA
PRIMARY SOURCE SECONDARY SOURCE
A primary source is one that itself A secondary source is one that

collects the data i.e. first hand information makes available data which were
gathered from original source. collected by some other agency
 A primary source usually has more i.e. second hand information which
detailed information particularly on we collect from internet, books.
the procedures followed in collecting For example : If the agency uses data
and compiling the data. collected by some other organization
For example: the data collected by the say, national sample survey organizations
some agency and made available this will constitute secondary source.
through various publications
constitute primary source.
 For example : surveys

ASPECTS OF URBAN STUDY
Aspects Delhi Master Plan Master Plan of Master Plan of Master Plan of
Jammu Banglore Chandigarh
Regional Regional Location & Location & City Local Planning Area Location & Tricity- Chandigarh,
Setting NCR Region Context Mohali & Panchkula
Location & Covered in Regional Connectivity Covered in Regional Covered in Regional Setting
Approach Setting Setting
Land Use •Residential •Residential •Residential •Residential
•Commercial •Commercial •Commercial •Commercial
•Industries •Industries •Industries •Transport and Communication
•Institutional •Institutional •Transport and •Public Utility Zone
•Public/ Semi-Public •Public/ Semi-Public Communication •Special Zone
•Recreational Zone •Recreational Zone •Services and Facilities •Public and Semi Public Zone
•Parks and Open Spaces •Parks and Open •Public/Semi Public • Information and Technology
•Mixed Use Spaces Zone Park
•Mixed Use • Biotechnology •Recreational Zone
Industries •Water Bodies and Green/Open
•Recreational Zone Space
•Water Bodies and Green •Mela Parking
Areas
•Agricultural Areas
Historical Phases of Physical Historical Evolution Physical Growth of the Not Covered since Chandigarh
Evolution Growth, Changing & Background, city, Changing Lifestyle. is a new City.
Lifestyle, Traditional Changing Lifestyle.
Areas & Walled City.
Physiographic Physiography- Soil Terrain, Climate, Natural Environment & Topography of the area,
Features Properties, Climate, Rainfall & other Physiography- Soil Soil Properties, Climate,
Rainfall, Water Table Physiographic Features Properties, Climate, Rainfall, Water Table
Rainfall, Water Table
Demographic •Population •Population •Population •Population
Characteristics •Fertility & Mortality •Fertility & Mortality •Fertility & Mortality •Fertility & Mortality
•Migration •Migration •Migration •Migration
Social •Age-Sex Composition •Age-Sex Composition •Religious Composition •Religious Composition
Character •Religious Composition •Religious •Age-Sex Composition •Literacy Rate
•Literacy Rate Composition •Health •Age-Sex Composition
•Literacy Rate •Literacy Rate
Economic •Occupation & •Occupation •Service and •Income
Character Employment •Marginal & Non- Employment •Marginal & Non-
•Marginal & Non- Marginal Workers •Marginal & Non- Marginal Workers
Marginal Workers •Income Marginal Workers •Employment
•Income •Income
Housing •Existing No. of Houses •Existing No. of •Existing No. of Houses •Existing No. of Houses
•Plotted / Group Housing Houses •Employer Housing •Employer Housing
•Employer Housing •Employer Housing •Villages •Villages
•Bungalow Area •Villages
•Villages
•Unauthorized Colonies
Trade & •Hierarchical Commercial •Commercial Centres •Commercial Centres •Hierarchical
Commerce Areas •Informal Sector •Informal Sector Commercial Areas
•Non- Hierarchical •Wholesale Markets •Wholesale Markets •Informal Sector
Commercial Centres •Bulk Handling of •Wholesale Markets &
•Informal Sector Merchandise Ware houses
•Weekly Markets
•City Level Wholesale Markets
•Existing Markets In Special
Area
•Storage Of Oil, CNG & LPG
Industries •Existing Industries & their •Existing Industrial •Existing industries •Existing industries
Location Areas •Bio tech industries •Stone Crushing
•Household/Service Industries •Employment •Employment Activities
•Allied Facilities •Facilities & Services •Allied Infrastructure •Employment
•Impact on Environment & •Planned & Unplanned
Surrounding Population Industrial Areas
Environment •Natural Resources •Natural Resources- •Natural Resources •Natural Resources
•Natural Environment Agricultural areas & •Natural Environment •Natural Environment
•Built Environment Forests •Built Environment •Built Environment
•Multipurpose Grounds •Natural Environment •Leisure Valley
•Archeological Parks and •Built Environment
Ridge

Infrastructure Social Infrastructure Social Infrastructure Social Infrastructure Social Infrastructure
•Health •Health •Health •Health
•Education •Education •Education •Education
•Sports Facilities •Sports Facilities •Sports Facilities •Sports Facilities
•Communication •Communications- •Communications •Communications-
Facilities Post/Telegraph/ Facility Post/Telegraph/
•Security- Police Telephone Facility •Distributive Facilities Telephone Facility
•Safety •Fire Station and Police •Socio-cultural •Fire Station and Police
•Disaster Management •Distributive Facilities Facilities •Distributive Facilities
Centre •Socio-cultural •Other Community •Socio-cultural
•Distributive Facilities Facilities Facilities Facilities
•Socio-cultural •Other Community •Other Community
Facilities Facilities Facilities
•Cremation Ground,
Burial Ground &
Cemetery
Physical Physical Physical Physical
Infrastructure Infrastructure Infrastructure Infrastructure
•Water •Water •Water •Water
•Sewerage & Drainage •Sewerage & Drainage •Sewerage & Drainage •Sewerage & Drainage
•Power •Electricity •Solid Waste •Electricity
•Solid Waste •Solid Waste •Electricity •Solid Waste

Aspects Delhi Master Plan Master Plan of Jammu Master Plan of Master Plan of
Banglore Chandigarh
Traffic & •Existing road network and •Existing road network •Existing road network •Existing road network
Transportation Terminals and Terminals and Terminals and Terminals
• Junction details • Junction details • Junction details • Junction details
•Vehicular growth •Traffic Volume •Vehicular growth •Vehicular growth
•Traffic Volume •Road accidents •Traffic Volume •Traffic Volume
•Road accidents • Parking •Road accidents •Road accidents
• Parking • Public transport • Parking • Parking
• Public transport • Public transport • Public transport
Slums & •Slums & Night Shelter Slums & Squatters- •Slums & Night Shelter Slums, Unauthorized
Squatters Locations & Visual and Haphazard
Analysis Development
Conservation •Heritage Zones •Housing & Structural Condition of Heritage Reserved & Protected
of Heritage •Archeological Park Conditions Buildings Forests
•Listed Buildings •Character of Old City
Tourism •Tourist Places Tourist Places and •Tourist infrastructure Tourist and
•Hotels and Restaurants Annual Inflow facilities Recreational Areas
•Tourist Inflow •Cultural centers,
convention center and
budget hotels
Development •Development Strategies •Mixed Use Regulations •Development Controls •Development
Controls •Controls & Regulations & Regulations Strategies
•Policies & Programs •Policies & Programs •Bye- Laws
Aspects Delhi Master Plan Master Plan of Master Plan of Banglore Master Plan of
Jammu Chandigarh
Urban Design •Districts Not Covered Image of the city- Edges, Visual Analysis of the
•Visual Integration Districts, Paths, Nodes & Image of the city
•Urban Corridors Landmarks
•Gates & Walls
•Hoardings, Street
Furniture & Signage
•Paths
Land Value & Prevailing Land Values & Prevailing Land Values Prevailing Land Values & Prevailing Land Values
Ownership Ownership Status & Ownership Status Ownership Status & Ownership Status

ASPECTS COVERED IN URBAN STUDY
Sr. ASPECTS SUB ASPECTS RELEVANCE TYPE OF DATA SURVEYS TO BE
No. CONDUCTED/SOURCES
1. • Location To evaluate the locational • Secondary • Google earth
Regional • Trends in lifestyle advantages and disadvantages • Topographical sheets
setting of the city and to view the
developments.
2. • Existing road network and To identify the problems in the • Primary • Traffic volume survey
hierarchy existing transportation • Secondary • Origin and destination
Traffic & • Junction details network and to identify the survey
Transportation • Vehicular growth problematic areas like traffic • Parking survey
• Road accidents congestion, encroachment due • District transport office
• Parking to informal sector or other • Police department
• Public transport issues.
• Terminals (Railway
station Bus stand, Airport
etc.)
3. • Residential To understand the breakup of • Primary • Updation of map
• Commercial the developed urban land and • Secondary • Municipal corporation
• Mixed land use the land under various uses as office
• Industrial mentioned for the detailed
• Recreational analysis of the city structure.
Landuse • Traffic & Transportation
• Public & Semi public
• Govt. land
• Utilities & services
• Agriculture
• Special areas
• Parks & open spaces

Sr. ASPECTS SUB ASPECTS ELEVANCE TYPE OF DATA SOURCES
No.
4. Physiographic • Topography (Slope, Soil To understand the overall • Secondary • Meteorological department
characteristics type etc.) physiographic conditions of
• Climate (Temperature, the city like slope variation,
Wind direction, Rainfall etc.) soil type etc.
5. Historical • Historical background For knowing the past trends • secondary • Census
evolution • Trends in Urban growth of growth of the city and the • Municipal corporation
factors affecting it.
6. Demography • Population growth To know the population of • Secondary • Census of India
• Population density the city and the growth trends
• Sex ratio and the factors affecting
• Literacy rate migration from various areas
• SC/ST composition
• Migration
• Religious composition
7. Economic & • Working/Non working pop. To evaluate the overall • Secondary • Census of India
Employment • Occupational structure economic structure of the • District industrial Centre
characteristics • Dependency ratio population and the
employment generation
centers

Sr. ASPECTS SUB ASPECTS RELEVANCE TYPE OF DATA SOURCES
No.
8. Housing • Housing stock To understand the • Secondary • Census of India
• Pattern various housing • Municipal corporation
• Condition patterns prevailing in
• Urban poor the city and to identify
• Location & distribution of slums the location of slums
• Availability of basic services to as a part of housing
Urban poor for urban poor.
9. Physical • Water supply (Treatment, To study the existing • Secondary • Municipal corporation
infrastructure Distribution etc.) networks of physical • Punjab electricity board
• Sewerage system (Sewer infrastructure and • Census of India
connections, STP etc.) their various • Punjab water supply and
• Storm water drainage network shortcomings like sewerage circle
• Solid waste management blockage, no
(Generation, Treatment, connection, no
Disposal etc.) collection of solid
• Electricity (Network, Street waste, no proper
lights etc.) treatment etc.
10. Social • Served/ Unserved area (Network, Prevailing basic • Secondary • District education office
infrastructure Distribution, etc.) services and amenities • Census of India
• Education in the city, to identify • Civil surgeon office
• Health their location and • Police department
• Public Spaces/ Recreational Spaces accessibility to • Municipal corporation
• Socio-cultural facilities (clubs, various types of social
art galleries, library etc.) infrastructure
• Civic amenities ( Police station, mentioned.
Post office ,Cremation ground etc.

Sr. ASPECTS SUB ASPECTS RELEVANCE TYPE OF SOURCES
No. DATA
11. Environment • Built environment To study various causes and pressures due to Secondary Punjab Pollution
• Green environment several types of pollution like personalized Control Board
motorized modes, industrialization,
overcrowding etc.
12. Disaster • Earthquake To identify various areas in a city which are Secondary Disaster
Management • Floods prone to a specific type of disaster like a road Management
• Landslides or a junction is marked as a black spot i.e. a Authority
• Drought place where many fatal accidents occur
• Fire frequently.
• Chemical hazard
• Accidents
13. Heritage • Walled city To conserve the natural as well as built heritage Secondary Tourism
• Heritage structures (i.e. tangible as well as intangible heritage). department
• Fairs & Festivals
13. Tourism • Tourists inflow To recognize the potential of the city to grow Secondary Tourism
• Related infrastructure as major tourist spot. department
15. Legal • State level (Policies) Secondary Municipal
backing • City level ( Programmes) corporation, acts,
• Local level ( Building bye improvement trust,
laws) development
authority.

DATA PRESENTATION TECHNIQUES
TYPE OF INFORMATION TECHNIQUES TO SHOW IT
The location of the study, the fieldwork sites, • Field sketches • GIS/digital base map • Flow maps
the geographical context and introduction to the issue. • Tables
Large quantities of numerical data that needs to be organized • Data entry to a spreadsheet
and collected into a manageable form for data processing. • Tables, e.g. in Microsoft Word
Data that shows changes over time, e.g. temperature over • Line graphs
a year or pedestrian flows during the day. • Circular graphs/rose diagrams
• Pictograms
Numerical data for sites that has categorical value • Bar charts and histograms
(can be continuous data, e.g. histogram, or different • Composite graphs
categories, e.g. for a bar chart). • Pie graphs
Data that has an orientation or compass direction, • Rose diagrams/circular graphs

e.g. wind strength and direction or pebble orientation. • Polar coordinates
Data collected to show spatial variation of movements • Composite bars

and flows, e.g. traffic movement along a road, or, sphere • Flow lines
of influence of a shopping centre. • Desire lines
Data that has been collected to show spatial variation, • Dot maps
e.g. map showing the concentration of shops in • Symbols and proportional symbols
a town centre. • Choropleths and isopleths
Source: http://www.mapcontext.com
DATA PRESENTATION TECHNIQUES
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF MAPS
1. SINGLE FEATURE : Useful when needing to show the 4. UNIQUE VALUE : Each different value is shown in
location of a single feature –e.g. provincial boundaries or different color and/or symbol.
towns.
2. GRADUATED COLOUR: Features are shown with the same 5. CHART/GRAPH : Each feature on the map is
symbol but color graduation shows different values. illustrated in a chart on the map
3. GRADUATED SYMBOL: Same color and symbol used 6. DOT DENSITY : Each dot refers to one value –
but size or thickness shows size or magnitude useful for looking at distribution patterns
Source: http://www.mapcontext.com

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INTRODUCTION

B.TECH (URP) Vth SEM- SESSION 2012-13

CLASSIFICATIONS OF URBAN AREAS

POPULATION FUNCTION SCALE SHAPE

BRANCH LINEAR STAR SHAPE GALAXY

NILOPOLIS City started to decline.

B.TECH (URP) Vth SEM- SESSION 2012-13

PRIMARY SOURCE SECONDARY SOURCE

A primary source is one that itself A secondary source is one that

B.TECH (URP) Vth SEM- SESSION 2012-13

B.TECH (URP) Vth SEM- SESSION 2012-13

B.TECH (URP) Vth SEM- SESSION 2012-13

B.TECH (URP) Vth SEM- SESSION 2012-13

B.TECH (URP) Vth SEM- SESSION 2012-13

B.TECH (URP) Vth SEM- SESSION 2012-13

B.TECH (URP) Vth SEM- SESSION 2012-13

B.TECH (URP) Vth SEM- SESSION 2012-13

Data that has an orientation or compass direction, • Rose diagrams/circular graphs

Data collected to show spatial variation of movements • Composite bars

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