SCULPTURE

Presented to:
Sir Antonio Albuladora

Presented by:
BELEN, Joyce
BENAVIDEZ, Christine Kate
CRISOSTOMO, Ry M
MIRAVELES, Orlan
NOBLE, Crystal Mae

BS in Accountancy- 1B

July 24, 2018

OUTLINE OF THE TOPIC
• HISTORY • MEDIUM AND MATERIALS

• DEFINITION
• FUNCTIONS AND TOOLS OF
• TYPES OF SCULPTURES SCULPTURE
• ELEMENTS OF DESIGN IN
• TECHNIQUES AND METHODS SCULPTURE

• POPULAR SCULPTURES
 HISTORY
• Sculptures of ancient empires recorded both
religious and political life.
• Artisans of
these cultures
often used
techniques and
methods that
continued
unchanged for
centuries.
• Sculpture of Ancient Greece and Rome is one
of the greatest achievements of Western Art
• This work often focused
on perfecting the
human form.

• During this same time,

distinct sculptural
traditions developed in
other areas of the world
• During the Renaissance, artists again looked to
perfecting the human form.
• Artists continued to
work in this style into
the 20th century
• In the 19th and
early 20th
century, artists
shifted from
portraying realistic
figures in favor of Auguste
distorted and Rodin
This abstraction of form carried on into the 20th
century
Some artists shunned traditional materials and
methods and created entirely new types of
sculptures
Contemporary artists continue to
redefine sculpture as an art form.
 DEFINITION
ETYMOLOGY

• Comes from the Latin word ”Sculpere” –

meaning to carve

• 3D artwork created by shaping or

combining hard and/or block of mass
materials
 Merriam-Webster

the action or art of processing (as by carving,

modeling, or welding) plastic or hard materials into
works of art

Oxford Dictionary

art of making two- or three-dimensional

representative or abstract forms, especially by
carving stone or wood or by casting metal or
plaster.
 Britannica

Considered as a representational art, one

that imitated form in life, most often human
figures but also inanimate objects, such as
game, utensils and books
TYPES OF SCULPTURE
FULL ROUND/
FREE-STANDING SCULPTURE
• According to Sporre (2013), “Full-
round sculptural works explore full
three-dimensionality and are
intended to be viewed from any
angle.”.

• Sculpture in the round cannot be

appreciated from only a single
viewpoint but must be circled and
explored.
SOUND JEWELRY SCULPTURE
SCULPTURE
intermediate objects of personal
sculpture that adornment
form sounds

The Singing Ringing Tree

Wolfgang Vaatz
 RELIEF KINETIC SCULPTURE
SCULPTURE
A relief sculpture grows out A kind of structure where
of flat, two-dimensional
the parts or a certain part
background, and its
projection into three- are/is movable.
dimensional space is
relatively shallow.

Starr Kempf
Mount Rushmore National Memorial
 ASSEMBLAGE
STATUE SCULPTURE OR STACK
depicting a specific A kind of structure
ART where
entity, person, event, in the elements present
are just assemble from
animal, or object.
things that are found in
the surrounding.
 LINEAR ARCHITECTURAL
SCULPTURE
Linear sculptures SCULPTURE
use of sculpture by an
emphasizes construction architect and/or sculptor in
with thin, tubular items such the design of a building,
as wire or neon tubing. bridge, etc.
 TECHNIQUES AND
PROCESSES
There are two major sculptural processes:
1. Subtractive- unwanted materials is cut away
E.g. Carving
Source:
https://craftingdoll.wordpress.com/2014/10/28/craft-101-
2-pumpkin-carving/

2. Additive- construction of a figure by putting

together. E.g. Modeling
E.g. Casting

Source:
Source: https://www.smooth-
https://www.buzzfeed.com/alis on.com/applications/lifecasting
oncaporimo/faux-marble- /
coasters?
utm_term=.alKwwLKa23#.gp9
BBnQk7p
 Pietà, 1498–1499
Michelangelo Buonarroti

Example of Subtractive
sculptural process.

Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet
%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)
 Statue of Liberty, 1498–
1499
Sculptor: Frédéric
Auguste Bartholdi

Architects: Gustave Eiffel,

Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi,
Richard Morris Hunt
Example of Additive
sculptural process.
Source:
https://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/statue-facts)
SCULPTURAL
CARVING (subtractive)
TECHNIQUES
Ψ Carving - removing portions of
a block of materials to create a
form.
Ψ Can use stone, plaster, wood,
ivory, glass, ice, chocolate.
Ψ Mainly uses wood and marble
(stone)
Ψ The mediums that are being
used varies in characteristics
and its difficulty in carving.
MODELLING (additive)

Ψ Modeling - using a pliable

materials such as clay or wax
the artist shapes the material
into a 3D form.
Ψ Mediums: Clay, wax, plaster,
paper-mache
Ψ Can be done by hand or with
tools.
 CASTING (additive)
Ψ Casting - liquid material is
poured into a mold to create a
form.
Ψ Mold - the form into which the
material is poured.
Ψ Any material that hardens can
be used for casting; i.e. metal,
slip, plaster, plastic resins
Ψ One of the oldest and most
common is bronze.
CONSTRUCTION (additive)
Ψ Constructed sculpture
- forms are built from
materials such as wood,
paper, string, sheet metal,
and wire.
Ψ Welding, gluing, nailing
materials together
 POPULAR
SCULPTURES

VOTIVE, (2900-2350 B.C.) Mesopotamia

MOUNT RUSHMORE STATUE OF
(1927-1941) LIBERTY
Sculptor: Frederic Auguste
Gutzon Burglum Bartholdi
Location: USA Location: New York, USA
The Martyrdom of Dr.
Jose Rizal
Sculptor: Eduardo Castrillo
Location: Rizal Park, Manila
 Oblation Statue Wild Mood Swings
Sculptor: Guillermo E. Tolentino (2009-2010)
Location: University of the Sculptor: Tim Noble and
Philippines Sue Webster
 Shadows
(2015)
Sculptor: Ronald Ventura
 MEDIUMS IN SCULPTURE
MEDIUM
Refers to the materials used by an artist
 

CLAY
cheap and relatively fragile but is can last
for eons.

BUST OF ALBERT EINSTEIN CLAY CLAY POTS

 PLASTIC IVORY
Adding material or casting it is A tough yet delicate in
the alternative approach, 3D
texture and perfect fit for
printing and sintering could be
incorporated carving

GIANT FISH SCULPTURE IN Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

The Carvings of Ming and Qing
 BRONZE STONE
It resist weather,
a sculpting medium
fire and all ordinary
that’s signified
hazard, yet heavy.
wealth and
prestige
The McArthur Statue

Lion’s Head
 WOOD GLASS
a cheap, readily for smaller statues, and it is
available and easy either cast or blown into
to cut shape and then modeled
when still hot

The Bejeweled Home

Bayanihan
 GRANIT
long-lasting and it doesn't E
suffer water so you can use it
instead of marble (but at a much higher price).

Granite Sculpture in Vancouver,

Canada
 FUNCTIONS OF
SCULPTURE
Ψ Sculpture functions as an integral part of many
ceremonies, events and other life events.
Ψ To great extent, religion has made use of
sculpture.
Ψ Commemoration of heroes, war, death and other
historical events
Ψ Many sculptures are intended as public art,
exhibited outdoors or in public buildings.
Life Event Function Religious Function Historical Event FunctionPublic Art Function

Madame
Tombs and Wooden Bulul Bonifacio Tussaud
Lápidas Pieces in Monument, Museum’s
Paete, 1929-1933 Wax Figures
Source: Laguna
Source: By Guillermo Source
https://hubpages.com/ent Source:
ertainment/Celebrating-
https://www.pinterest https://www.silent- Tolentino
Source:
https://www.klook.com/activity/4101-
.ph/pin/38660594924 gardens.com/culture. madame-tussauds-hollywood-ticket-
All-Souls-Day-in-the- 6427811/ http://www.flickriver.com/ph los-angeles/
Philippines php otos/keithkelly/8576504357/
 TOOLS USED IN
SCULPTURE
Safety Equipments

Source:
https://solarlight.com/product/sl-
Ψ Advisable to be used by
Safety glasses 05693-light-safety-glasses/

sculptors

Ψ Are essential when working

with granite

Ψ Used for eye and ear

Source:
Respirator https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respirator
protection
 Point Chisel

Ψ Most commonly used tool

during sculpting

Steel Chisel
Ψ Can be used for soft stones
and harder stones (e.g.
granite)

Carbide Tipped
Chisel
 Tooth Chisel

Ψ Used after the point chisel to

refine and to shape.

Source: http://www.artofmaking.ac.uk/explore/tools/9/Tooth-
Chisel
 Flat and Rondel Chisel

Ψ After the tooth chisel, the flat

Source:
https://totalindustrial.com.au/portal/
chisels/1394-eclipse-flat-chisel-
205mm-254mm-ec-cb150e.html and rondel chisels are used to
smooth out

Source:
http://www.onlinecarvingtools.com/pr
oduct_info.php?
products_id=38&osCsid=a1f6ca612c
3af19cdf3782b6b282c02e
 Sourc
e:
https://
www.scu
Hammers
lptureho
use.com
/p-280-
stone-
carving-
Ψ Hammers of various weights
hammer
-25-
1-lb. hammer 1 1/2-lb. hammer lbs.aspx
are used for different jobs
when sculpting.
Source:
https://www.sculptur
ehouse.com/p-279-
stone-carving-
hammer-1-lb.aspx
Source:
https://www.pinte
rest.ph/pin/395190
936042205679/?
lp=true

3-lb. hammer
 Rasps
Ψ A piece of metal that
resembles a file.
Ψ Used as an alternative for
power tools.
Ψ Can leave scratch marks on
the stone.
Source: https://www.infinitytools.com/hand-
tools/rasps/narex-fine-cut-rasps
 Banker
Ψ "a very sturdy work bench"
used mostly by sculptors.

Ψ should be strong and sturdy

enough

Ψ Sandbags are also sometimes

used

Source:https://www.1stdibs.com/furniture/tables/industrial-work-tables/rotating-
sculpture-work-table/id-f_4846223/
 Grinder
Ψ A power tool used in stone
carving.
Ψ Can be used for soft and
harder stones.
Ψ Make parallel cuts with
Carbide Grinding
Steel Disc
Diamond Blades grinder, then use a chisel and

Source: http://darkroom.baltimoresun.com/2015/06/the-
hammer to break them off.
extraordinary-wood-sculptures-of-david-knopp/#1
 ELEMENTS IN THE
DESIGN OF
SCULPTURE
LINE
One-dimensional, and is used in sculpture to
lead the viewers eye in, around, and through a
form. Can be actual of implied.
COLOR

Chose to enhance a 3D form, not to distract

from it. Can be applied (such as painted on) or
inherent (such as the natural color of stone).
 
VALUE
A highlight or shadow on the surface of a
sculpture, meant to create interest through
contrast. Deeply carved areas have dark
shadowed values, areas that stick out have
highlighted values.
TEXTURE
A repetitive mark on the surface of a
sculpture, meant to create interest through
contrast. Deeply textured areas appear darker
and smoother, non-textured areas appear
lighter.
FORM  

A 3D object, has height, width, and depth.

Every sculpture is a form, but every form
isn't a sculpture
VOLUME
Fundamental unit of three-dimensional solid
form that can be conceived in the round
compromising length, width and even depth

ACTUAL
TEXTURE
Refers to the tactile qualities of the
physical surface of the object
PERSPECTIVE

The sculpture represents its

object from a point of view

STYLE

Styles of the sculpture depends on how it is

being used or its function
eg. for religious propagandas
for history records
for visual representation
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