Basic Computer Parts, Peripherals and Other Components

DIVISION TRAINING WORKSHOP ON
COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE

INSTALLATION, NETWORKING AND
MAINTENANCE
www.gcflearnfree.org
BAYBAY CITY DIVISION
COMPUTER BASICS, PARTS,

PERIPHERALS AND OTHER
COMPONENTS
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is an All computers

electronic device have in
that manipulates common
information, or data. Hardware
It has the ability
to store, retrieve, Software
and process data.
HARDWARE VS SOFTWARE
Hardware VS Software
Hardware is any
Software is any
part of your
set of
computer that has
instructions that
a physical
tells the hardware
structure, such
what to do and
as the keyboard
how to do it.
or mouse.
HARDWARE VS SOFTWARE
Hardware VS Software
Operatin
System
Monitor
g
Keyboard
Browsers
Mouse
MS Office
Unit
Systems
DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER

Desktop
computers are
designed to be
placed on a desk,
and they're
typically made up
of a few different
parts, including the
computer case,
monitor,
keyboard, and
mouse. www.gcflearnfree.org
Laptop
computers or
commonly called as
laptop are battery-
powered computers
that are more
portable than
desktops, allowing
you to use them
almost anywhere.
Laptops VS Notebooks
Portability Mobility
Thick and Heavy Thinner and Light

Upgradable hardware Integrated hardware
devices devices
Imitating desktops Basic functionality
Business machines Personal
Notebooks VS Netbooks
Light Lighter
Larger screen Small screen
Powerful multitasking Limited multitasking
High-end computing Weaker specs
Expensive Cheaper

Tablet computers
or tablets are
handheld computers
that are even more
portable than
laptops. Instead of a
keyboard and
mouse, tablets use
a touch-sensitive
screen for typing
and navigation.

A server is a
computer that
serves up
information to
other computers
on a network. For
example,
whenever you use
the Internet, you're
looking at
something that's
stored on a server.
OTHER COMMON TYPES OF COMPUTERS
Smartphones
are cell phones
that can do a lot
of things
computers can
do, including
browsing the
Internet and
playing games.

Wearable
technology is a
general term for a
group of devices
including fitness
trackers and
smartwatches that
are designed to be
worn throughout
the day.
A game console
is a specialized
type of computer
that is used for
playing video
games on your TV
or monitor.
Smart TVs
include
applications or
apps that let you
access various
types of online
content.
MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE COMPUTER

SYSTEM
 Hardwar
e
 Softwar
e
 Data
 Users
DATA PROCESS CYCLE
COMPUTER HARDWARE CATEGORY
All computer
 Input devices
hardware hardware
Computer
 Processing devicesHardware
components that
components used
 Output devices to feed rawthat
components
manipulate and and
raw
 Storage devices The parts
other
disseminate
other of and
data
data, the
to a
into
computer
computer
display that
both
information. are
system.
data
usedinformation.
and to store data in
whatever form.
INPUT DEVICES
KEYBOARDS
INPUT DEVICES
POINTING
MOUSE
DEVICES
INPUT DEVICES
POINTING TOUCHPA
DEVICES D
INPUT DEVICES
POINTING TOUCHSCREE
DEVICES N
INPUT DEVICES
POINTING GRAPHIC
DEVICES TABLET
INPUT DEVICES
POINTING
INTERACTIVE BOARD
DEVICES
INPUT DEVICES
MOTION SENSOR
INPUT DEVICES
GAME CONTROLLER
DEVICES
INPUT DEVICES
AUDIO INPUT
DEVICES
INPUT DEVICES
VISUAL and IMAGING CAMERA
DEVICES S
INPUT DEVICES
VISUAL and IMAGING SCANNERS
DEVICES
OUTPUT DEVICES
SOFT COPY DISPLAY
OUTPUT OUTPUT
OUTPUT DEVICES
SOFT COPY SOUND OUTPUT
OUTPUT
OUTPUT DEVICES
HARD COPY
OUTPUT
STORAGE DEVICES
Magnetic Storage
devices
STORAGE DEVICES
Optical Storage
Devices
STORAGE DEVICES
Flash Memory
Devices
TYPICAL DESKTOP COMPUTER SETUP
INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT
 Motherboa
rd
 CPU
 RAM
 Hard Drive
 PSU
THE MOTHERBOARD
A motherboard is one
of the most essential
parts of a computer
system. It holds
together many of the
crucial components of a
computer, including the
central processing
unit (CPU), memory
and connectors for
input and output
devices. www.gcflearnfree.org
MOTHERBOARD
The actual CPU is

placed onto the CPU
SOCKET. Since high
speed CPUs generate a
lot of heat, there are
heat sinks and
mounting points for
fans right next to the
CPU socket.
MOTHERBOARD - COOLING OPTIONS
Liquid
Fan Cooling
Cooling
MOTHERBOARD
The POWER
CONNECTOR to
distribute power
to the CPU and
other components.
MOTHERBOARD
A memory slot,
memory socket, or
RAM slot is what
allows computer
memory (RAM) to be
inserted into the
computer.
MOTHERBOARD
Multi Channel Memory
Architecture
Channel No. of
Slots
Single 2
Dual 4
Triple 6
Quad 8
MOTHERBOARD
MOTHERBOARD
The Northbridge is
connected directly to
the CPU via the
front-side bus (FSB)
and is thus
responsible for tasks
that require the
highest performance.
MOTHERBOARD
The Southbridge
chipset handles all of
a computer's I/O
functions, such as
USB, audio, serial,
the system BIOS, the
ISA bus, the interrupt
controller and the
IDE channels.
MOTHERBOARD
MOTHERBOARD
Slots for one or more
hard drives to store
files. The most
common types of
connections are
Integrated Drive
Electronics (IDE)
and Serial
Advanced
Technology
Attachment
(SATA). www.gcflearnfree.org
MOTHERBOARD
IDE and SATA
Cable
MOTHERBOARD
IDE VS SATA
40 pins (wider) 7 pins wide

5MB/sec to
150MB/sec to 600MB/sec
133MB/sec
Two drives per cable One drive per cable
Deal with jumpers No more jumpers
45 cm long Up to 1m long
MOTHERBOARD
Read-only memory
(ROM) chip or the
Basic Input-Output
System (BIOS)
contains the
firmware, or startup
instructions for the
computer system.
MOTHERBOARD
Main
BIOS functions
POST - Test the computer hardware and make sure
no errors exist before loading the operating system.
Bootstrap Loader - If a capable operating system
is located, the BIOS will pass control to it.
BIOS drivers - Low level drivers that give the
computer basic operational control over your
computer's hardware.
BIOS or CMOS Setup - allows you to configure
hardware settings including system settings such as
boot order, computer passwords, time, and date.
The CMOS battery

MOTHERBOARD
powers the physical
part of the
motherboard called
the CMOS, it is a
memory chip that
houses the setting
configurations. The
CMOS is reset and
loses all custom
settings including
system clock in case
the battery runs out of www.gcflearnfree.org
MOTHERBOARD
CMOS Chip and Battery
MOTHERBOARD
Peripheral
Component
Interconnect
Express (PCIe) slots
are such an integral
part of a computer's
architecture and has
been a versatile,
functional way to
connect expansion
cards.
MOTHERBOARD
PCIe Form Factors
MOTHERBOARD
AGP VS PCIe
Only for Video Card Any expansion card

Execute multiple
instructions
One instruction at a time
Good performance Better performance
Connect only one video Connect more than one

card video card
Outdated Modern
MOTHERBOARD
Ports and
Connectors is the
point in which the
peripheral devices
attaches to the
system unit to send or
receive information
from the computer.
MOTHERBOARD
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

The Central Processing
Unit (CPU), or the
processor, is sometimes
called the brain of the
computer, and its job is to
carry out commands.
Whenever you press a
key, click the mouse, or
start an application,
you're sending
instructions to the CPU.

Component
s Sends and
ALU process and
 Controller Unit receives signals
(CU) manipulates
from every
data. It part of
 Arithmetic Logic
the computer.
performs It
simple
Unit (ALU) makes sure that
calculations on
allthe
processes
data that are
being carried
temporarily out
atstored
the right time.
in the
registers.

Performan
ce
 Clock Rate of the CPU (GHz)
 Number of Cores (Dual Core, Quad
Core)

Performan Multi CPUs
A motherboard
ce with
more than one CPU
socket and multiple
CPUs are inserted into
different sockets.
You’ll find multi-CPU
systems among
supercomputers,
servers, and similar
high-end systems

Performan Hyper-
ce threading
Hyper-threading is
Intel's proprietary
simultaneous
multithreading (SMT)
implementation used
to improve
parallelization of
computations.

Performan Multi-Core CPUs
ce
A Multi-Core
processor is a single
computing component
with two or more
independent actual
processing units
(called "cores"),
which are units that
read and execute
program instructions. www.gcflearnfree.org
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
RAM is your system's

short-term memory.
Whenever your
computer performs
calculations, it
temporarily stores the
data in the RAM until
it is needed.
Volts: 2.5V
Speed: 266
MT/s
Volts: 1.8V
Speed: 400
MT/s
Volts: 1.5V
Speed: 1066
MT/s
Volts: 1.2V
Speed: 2133
MT/s

Which is better, 2 small sticks or 1
larger stick?
4 4
GB 8
GB
GB
VS
Dual Channel Good if

Speeds (Double planning for
bandwidth) future upgrade

Is it okay to mix RAM with different
memory sizes?
4 8
GB GB
System can ran into crashes

and delays.
HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)

The Hard Disk Drive
is where your
software, documents,
and other files are
stored. The hard drive
is long-term
storage, which
means the data is still
saved even if you turn
the computer off or
unplug it.
HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)
SOLID-STATE DRIVE (SSD)

An SSD is a type of
mass storage device
similar to a hard disk
drive (HDD). It
supports reading
and writing data and
maintains stored
data in a permanent
state even without
power.
SOLID-STATE DRIVE (SSD)
HDD VS SSD
More power draw (6-7 Less power draw (2-3

watts) watts)
30-49s average boot up 10-13s average boot up
time time
Anywhere from 50 – Above 200 MB/s and up
120MB/s to 550 MB/s write speed
Safe from any effects of
Magnets can erase data
magnetism
Cheaper Expensive
POWER SUPPLY UNIT (PSU)
The desktop computer

Power Supply Unit
changes alternating
current (AC) from a
wall socket to low-
voltage direct current
(DC) to operate the
processor and
peripheral devices.
Connectors 20/24 ATX pin
It allows you turn on

the motherboard: early
models had a 20-pin
configuration, whilst
the current standard is
now 24.

ATX P4 (ATX
Connectors 12V)
This connector was

introduced by Intel for
Pentium 4 it plugs into
the motherboard and
exclusively powers the
processor. Today, most
motherboards possess 4
to 8 pins dedicated to
powering up the CPU.
Connectors MOLEX
Used to connect the

Hard Disk Drive and
other drives. Some
graphics cards may
require this connector
too.

SATA
Connectors Connector
Also used to
connect the Hard
Disk Drive and
Solid-State Drive
OPTICAL DISK DRIVE (ODD)

An optical disc drive, or
simply optical drive, is a
piece of computer
hardware that alters
data on optical discs
using lasers. Optical
drives edit, delete and
add content to CDs,
DVDs and Blu-ray discs
in computers and
entertainment
electronics. www.gcflearnfree.org
EXPANSION CARDS
Sound Card
Also known as an
audio card, this type
of expansion card
deals with everything
to do with sounds and
audio signals within
the computer that are
under the control of
programs on the
computer.
EXPANSION CARDS
Video Card
A video card is more
often called a
graphics card or
display card, and is
responsible for
generating images to
a visual display such
as a computer
monitor or laptop
screen.
EXPANSION CARDS
Network Card
Often called a Network
Interface Card or LAN
Adapter, a network
card is an expansion
card which allows a
computer to connect to
a computer network
such as a Local Area
Network or Wide Area
Network.
SYSTEM UNIT
 Motherboa
rd
 CPU
 RAM
 Hard Drive
 PSU
THANK YOU!

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DIVISION TRAINING WORKSHOP ON

COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE

COMPUTER BASICS, PARTS,

A computer is an All computers

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER

Thick and Heavy Thinner and Light

Business machines Personal

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER

Larger screen Small screen

Powerful multitasking Limited multitasking

High-end computing Weaker specs

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER

OTHER COMMON TYPES OF COMPUTERS

OTHER COMMON TYPES OF COMPUTERS

OTHER COMMON TYPES OF COMPUTERS

OTHER COMMON TYPES OF COMPUTERS

OTHER COMMON TYPES OF COMPUTERS

MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE COMPUTER

DATA PROCESS CYCLE

COMPUTER HARDWARE CATEGORY

TYPICAL DESKTOP COMPUTER SETUP

INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT

The actual CPU is

MOTHERBOARD - COOLING OPTIONS

40 pins (wider) 7 pins wide

Deal with jumpers No more jumpers

The CMOS battery

CMOS Chip and Battery

PCIe Form Factors

Only for Video Card Any expansion card

Good performance Better performance

Connect only one video Connect more than one

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

RAM is your system's

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

Dual Channel Good if

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

System can ran into crashes

HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)

HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)

SOLID-STATE DRIVE (SSD)

SOLID-STATE DRIVE (SSD)

More power draw (6-7 Less power draw (2-3

POWER SUPPLY UNIT (PSU)

The desktop computer

POWER SUPPLY UNIT (PSU)

Connectors 20/24 ATX pin

It allows you turn on

POWER SUPPLY UNIT (PSU)

This connector was