“MANUALLY CONTROLLED BEACH CLEANING MACHINE”

Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In
Mechanical Engineering
By
M.DAVID RAJU 15521A0349
M.DEEPAK TEJA 15521A0353
M.DURGA PRASAD 15521A0347
N.MANOJ KUMAR 15521A0354
K.PAVAN KUMAR 15521A0341
Under the Esteemed Guidance of
Mr. K. RAVINDRA

Department of Mechanical Engineering

VISWANADHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
Mindivanipalem (V), Sontyam (P), Anandapuram (M), Visakhapatnam - 531173
Approved by A.I.C.T.E., Affiliated to J.N.T.U., Kakinada, Accredited by NAAC
Phones: 8886152626, 8886154646
E-mail: vitam_coe@yahoo.co.in
2018-2019
 ABSTRACT

Here we propose an innovative “MANUALLY CONTROLLED BEACH CLEANING

MACHINE”. Cleanliness is vital and intuitive when it comes to public places
because huge number of people use beaches and parks for recreational purpose
every day. This includes children and senior citizens too, which further increases
the risk of spreading of diseases due to dirty environment and rotten garbage.
 
Manually Controlled Garbage Cleaners can be a big relief for this task of
cleaning garbage from the places like beach. The 4-wheel drive vehicle chassis
equipped with a cleaning mechanism and a dirt bag for Garbage collection. Two
high performance, high efficiency electrical motor drives the vehicle chassis and
one electrical motor drives the cleaning mechanism. Chain and sprocket based
system transmits the power from the electrical motors to the wheels. The lifter
mechanism consists of a chain sprocket arrangement to drive the garbage lifter. 
Collectively these three electrical motors can we manually driven
Cleaning mechanism of this beach cleaner robot is also equipped with a wire
mesh, which separates the beachs and from the garbage. 
 INTRODUCTION
Disposal of plastic and other waste has emerged as an
important environmental challenge in this world where
plastics make up as much as one-tenth of the solid waste
stream. Plastic waste composition in municipal solid waste is
around 12 – 16 percent. Plastic waste and the other debris
in the region is continuously increasing due to use of plastics
and other waste in daily life. Plastic waste is a source of
greenhouse gas emissions and ecological damage. Majority
of the items found across the region contain plastic which
pose a serious danger to marine life. Now the trash is
presented in everywhere. To control the trash amount we
have to do some cleaning processes. For removing the trash
presented in the drains are cleaned by using this SOLAR
POWERED MOTORIZED SOLID TRASH REMOVAL SYSTEM.
 This trash removal system is run by using solar
charged battery power. Solar power is naturally available
and it is sufficient to charge the 12V,26 Ah battery by
using photovoltaic panels if the capacity of 40W, 17V,
2.11 Ah. This solar charged battery runs the system by
the help of chain drive. This way of charging the battery
will be very useful during cloudy day. The waste or
garbage is collected by the blades and put that into the
dustbin or garbage collector. Dust can easily removable
so we can remove the dust bin easily when it was full
and replace it after unloading the garbage. This trash
removal system is used for removing the garbage
presented in the drain water and creates a way to flow.
Also used for cleaning the push karghatsand canals.
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

• Now a days in cities, drains are placed near to the

houses. Day by day the use of the plastic and other waste
materials are increased. This waste is mixed up in the
drains due to the irresponsibility of some people and
some of is passed by the air and mixed in the drain water.
By increasing of trash percent in the water, the flow is
reduced and sometimes it may causes to stop the flow.
Due to this, the mosquitos are formed on the trash. It
causes the health problems to the people who are lived
surroundings to it.
 TRASH FORMATION

Fig 1.2. Initial state Fig 1.3.

Final state
 COMPONENTS AND WORKING PRINCIPLE

• SOLAR PANEL,
• BATTERY,
• DC WIPER MOTOR,
• 12Vdc SQUARE GEAR MOTOR ,
• WHEELS,
• DIODE,
• CHAIN DRIVE,
• BEARINGS,
• SHAFTS,
• METALLIC MESH,
• WASTE CONTAINER,
• C-CLAMPS, BOLT&NUTS AND WASHERS
 SOLAR PANEL

A single solar module can produce only a limited amount of power, most
installations contain multiple modules. A photovoltaic system typically
includes a panel or an array of solar modules, a solar inverter, and
sometimes a battery and/or solar tracker and interconnection wiring. Since
the amount of power generated in the solar panel is lower than the amount
of power to be required to run the motor, timer circuit is utilized to control
this situation. The circuit limits the working time of the system, thereby
increasing the charging time of battery for full day operation. The
specifications of this solar panel are shown in table 3.1.

MODEL NO – ADT 12AW

Max. power (P) 40W
Voltage at max. power (V) 17.00V

Current at max. power (I) 2.11Amp

Open circuit voltage 21.00V

Short circuit current 2.25Amp
Tolerance -3% to +15%
 BATTERY

In this project we are using SEALED LEAD ACID BATTERIE. The battery of 12V, 26 Ah is used.
Lead acid battery, is the oldest type of rechargeable battery. Despite having a very low
energy-to-weight ratio and a low energy-to-volume ratio, their ability to supply high surge
currents means that the cells maintain a relatively large power-to weight ratio. These
features, along with their low cost, make them attractive for use in motor vehicles to provide
the high current required by automobile starter motors. Batteries use a chemical reaction to
do work on charge and produce a voltage between their output terminals.
 DC WIPER MOTOR
• The standard voltage requirement for the wiper motor is 12 volts DC. The
electrical system in a running automobile usually puts out between 13 and
13.5 volts, so it's safe to say the motor can handle up to 13.5 volts with no
problem. The minimum required current for the motor is 1.6 amps at 70 rpm,
0.9 amps at 41 rpm (and 4 amps if you elect to run it at 106 rpm).Direct-
current motors transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. They drive
devices such as hoists, fans, pumps, punch-presses, and cars. These devices
may have a definite torque-speed characteristic or a highly variable one. The
torque-speed characteristic of the motor must be adapted to the type of the
load it has to drive. The reason is that the torque-speed characteristics of dc
motors can be varied over a wide range while retaining high efficiency.
 12V DC SQUARE GEARED MOTOR
• "Typical Applications - Pan/ Tilt camera, auto shutter, welding machines, water
meter, IC Card, grill, oven, cleaning machine, garbage disposers, household
appliances, Slot machines, Money detector, automic actuator, coffee machine,
Towel disposal, lighting , Coin refund devices, Peristaltic pump. Specifications -
Rated Voltage - 12v RPM - 100 (at 12v) Nominal Voltage - 12v No- Load
Current - 220 mA Load Current - 1.3 A Stall Current - 4.8A Full (Stall) Load
Torque - 25 kgcm Weight - 500g Approx"
 

Highlights
•Power Source: DC
•RoHS Compliant
•Material: Epoxy
• Weight: 700
•Type: Electronic Components
 WHEELS
• Incredibly Efficient Maintenance Free Custom Plastic Wheels CEW develops
custom plastic wheels for a variety of applications and industries.  The goal is
always superior performance and long-lasting service life. We leverage state-
of-the-art injection molding processes to manufacture our custom plastic
wheels and tires. The materials used are blended resins from HDPE, PP, FPVC
and Nylon families. This process allows us to manufacture most parts as single
components which reduces the usage of nuts, bolts, and other small parts. The
reduction in the number of screws used keeps various parts from falling off.
Thus, the overall maintenance of the solid wheels is much lower. The below-
mentioned details should help you gain an understanding of our capabilities:
• The reduction in the number of screws used keeps various parts from falling
off. Thus, the overall maintenance of the solid wheels is much lower.
 CHAIN DRIVE

Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to

another. It is often used to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle, particularly
bicycles and motor cycles. It is also used in wide variety of machines besides
vehicles. Most often, the power is conveyed by a roller chain, known as the drive
chain or transmission chain, passing over a sprocket gear, with the teeth of the
gear meshing with the holes in the links of the chain. The gear is turned, and this
pulls the chain putting mechanical force into the system. Another type of drive
chain is the Morse chain, invented by Morse chain Company of Ithaca, New York,
United States. This has inverted teeth.
Sometimes the power is output by simply rotating the chain, which can be
used to lift or drag objects.
 BALL BEARINGS

• A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to

only the desired motion and reduces friction between moving part.
The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear
movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis;
or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal
forces that bear on the moving parts. Most bearings facilitate the
desired motion by minimizing friction. Bearings are classified broadly
according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the
directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts.
 SHAFT
A shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular
in cross-section, which is used to transmit power from
one part to another, or from a machine which produces
power to a machine which observes power. The various
members such as pulleys and gears are mounted on it.
 METALLIC MESH
A mesh is a barrier made of connected strands of
metal, fiber, or other flexible or ductile materials. A
mesh is similar to a web or a net in that it has many
attached or woven strands.

A metal mesh may be woven, knitted, welded,

expanded, photo-chemically etched or electro formed
(screen filter) from steel or other metals. Here, this
metallic mesh is also used to support the garbage which
is carried by the blades from bottom level of the drain to
the top i.e., entrance of the dust bin.  
 WASTE CONTAINER

• A waste container is a container for temporarily storing

waste, and is usually made out of metal or plastic. Some
common terms are dustbin, garbage can, and trash can.
“Garbage” may refer to food waste specifically (when
distinguished from “trash”) or to municipal solid waste in
general.
 C-CLAMPS, BOLTS, NUTS& WASHERS

• C-Clamps is a type of clamp device typically used to hold a wood or

metal workpiece, C-Clamps are typically made of steel or cast iron.
Here, we used aluminium C-Clamps to hold bearings.
• A bolt is a form of threaded fastener with an external male thread. A
nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always
used in conjunction with a mating bolt to fasten multiple parts together.
• A washer is thin plate with a hole at middle. That is normally used to
distribute the load of a threaded fastener, such as screw or nut.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

• The design is created to collect the waste such as bio solid

pellets, debris, cans and plastic bottles, garbage, clothes and
other textile wastes. The system consists of a chain drive which
consists a set of blades to collect the trash to create better flow
in drains. The chain drive is driven by the help of DC wiper
motor which is run by using battery power. The battery is
recharged by taking the solar energy from solar panels in the
form of electrical energy. The trash which is collected by the
blades is transferred to the waste container for temporary
storage. DC wiper motor is to produce high torque and lift the
loads easily. Metallic mesh supports the trash lifted by the
blades and also filter the water content in the trash
 DESIGN AND CALCULATIONS

• Design of the driver chain

MOTOR CALCULATIONS
BATTERY CALCULATIONS
SOLAR PANEL CALCULATIONS
 FABRICATION PROCESS

• Welding
Welding is a fabrication or sculptural process that joins materials, usually
metals or thermoplastics, by causing fusion, which is distinct from lower
temperature metal-joining techniques such as brazing and soldering, which do
not melt the base metal. In addition to melting the base metal, a filler material is
typically added to join to form a pool of molten material (the weld pool) that
cools to form a joint that is usually stronger than the base material. Pressure
may also be used in conjunction with heat, or by itself, to produce a weld.
Welding also requires a form of shield to protect the filler metals or melted
metalsfrom being contaminated or oxidized.
 Painting
• Painting is generally used for coating and
gives good look. Also used to prevent the
metal parts from corrosion and the moisture
in the atmosphere. 
 DRILLING
Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a
hole of circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill bit
is usually a rotary cutting tool, often multipoint. The bit is
pressed against the work-piece and rotated at rates from
hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute. This
forces the cutting edge against the work-piece, cutting off
chips (swarf) from the hole as it is drilled. Drills used for
horizontal drilling are called drifter drills. In rare cases,
specially-shaped bits are used to cut holes of non-circular
cross-section;a square cross-section ispossible.
• FITTING OF METALLIC MESH
Metallic mesh is fixed with the help of bolt &
nuts to support the trash collected by the blades
and removes the water content in the solid trash.It
is supported by the two inclined plates which are
mounted on the extended bars. Fitting of metallic
mesh to frame is shown in fig
 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

• ADVANTAGES
• Eco-friendly.
• Not required man power at the time of running.
• Economically low cost.
• Occupies less space.
• Easy installation and maintenance.
• External power source is not required.

• LIMITATIONS
• The parts which are submerged in the water is may get corroded.
• Misalignments leads to improper running.
• Some of small debris may escape from the blades.
 CONCLUSION
• The main motto of the project is to control the DC motor by using solar power
because the energy released from sun is free and immense. Here, in this project
we have taken 40W capacity solar panel for the DC motor to run. According to the
manual calculations done it requires 18.2hrs charging to work for 13.89hrs
continuously without any stoppage and it is experimentally proved as per the
manual calculations and we got a satisfied result. The DC motor carries a load of
11kg and it is also proved experimentally.
• The advantage which attained from our Idea is of a better useful one and we are
happy in having eco-friendly Idea. Usual ones make it difficult to obtain and feels
bulky work, our idea provide the answer to this issue through this project we can
be able to understand the difficulties in maintaining the tolerances and also the
quality. Also we found some issues that can be occur such as the flow of water is a
crucial factor in effective removal of trash. The power generated from solar panel
may be fluctuating due to cloud influence the charging process. Since the system is
placed in water, the precaution measurement taken is to provide such as painting,
coating, coupling to a sacrificing anode, lubrication and other techniques to resist
the structure from corrosion. The problems that we faced will be cleared and
further improvement will be made in future to attain better technical and efficient
one. This Idea makes a motivational concern toward the Government and social to
work with environment safety, and to make aware of the seriousness of these
issues in future.
 FUTURE SCOPE

• BY MODIFYING IT TO AUTOMATIC TRASH REMOVAL SYSTEM

In future, this trash removal system is working effectively and gives good
performance by applying the automation to it.
• BY REPLACING THE BUCKET IN THE PLACE OF BLADES
The blades are enough to collect and remove the trash, but it is not
effective. So, if we place a bucket which is containing holes. Then the total
trash which is passed through this system is collected effectively and creates a
better flow to the drain water.
• BY ADDING AN ADDITIONAL CONVEYOR SYSTEM TO THEWASTE COLLECTOR
The waste collector is sufficient for some places but in some places the
trash is continuously flow in the drain water. At that places this small waste
collector is not sufficient. So an additional conveyor system is to be attached to
the waste collector for collecting more trash.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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• SyedaAzeemUnnisa and Bhupatthi Rao, “Plastic Waste Management
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• YashMenaria, RupalSankhla,“Use of Waste Plastic in Flexible
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• JunzhouHuo, Shiqiang Yu, Jing Yang and Tao Li,“Static and Dynamic
Characteristics of the Chain Drive System of a Heavy Duty Apron
Feeder”;The Open Mechanical Engineering Journal, 2013, 7, 121-128.
• “www.elastec.com/workboats/marine-trash-debris-collection
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• Some of data referred from Google, “www.google.com”.