Organizing Science

Research Papers (6)

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw


(:)

Setting of research (): ?
?
Research problem () :
?
Quantitative specification of problem () :

Importance of problem () :
, ?
(:)
Research objective ()
Methodology to achieve objective
()
Anticipated results ()
Contribution to field ()
(:)
Originally an agricultural based economy that has shifted to
an industrial based one, Taiwan now overproduces agricultural produce
that can be found in rice as well as in traditional vegetable and fruit
markets. However, even with these traditional markets, effectively
dealing with agricultural overproduce is problematic. For agricultural
overproduce in the international community, the cellulose microbe can
not curtail food processing effectively, largely owing to the natural
boundary of enzyme production for a thermostable enzyme.
The cellulase in cultural heritage is subjected to hot stability,
which is insufficiently high; the enzyme yield is low as well. Additionally,
the natural boundary only has a small amount of mold and
actinomyceses for the cellulase. Therefore, owing to that the natural
boundary is not fast enough, agricultural overproduce can not be
processed efficiently.
(:)
For instance, according to the
Environmental Protection Administration of the Republic of
China, Taiwan has 6,000,000 tons of agricultural
overproduce that must be processed annually. However,
this overproduce can not be processed entirely. Taiwan
has 2,300,000 tons of agricultural overproduce in rice,
while traditional vegetable and fruit markets generate
600,000 tons. Such overproduce can not be processed
efficiently.
The inability to produce a thermostable
enzyme would make it impossible to handle the
overwhelming amount of agricultural produce in Taiwan,
resulting in serious environmental pollution.
(:)
Based on the above, we should grow thermostable cellulases to
understand whether streptomyces inside the mutation stub are active for
purposes of manufacturing glucose in the food processing sector.
To do so, aleatoric mutation can be achieved using the prone
error PCR method. Streptomyces can then be sieved by using a culture
medium. Next, whether streptomyces can be expressed in vitro can be
determined to identify the enzyme activity of thermostable ecllulases by using
the DNS method.
As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that the active
mutation stub can be sieved, subsequently increasing the enzyme activity by
50%. This mutation stub is highly promising for industrial applications in
wastewater treatment and manufacturing glucose for enzyme production.
Results of this study can demonstrate that, by using the prone
error PCR method, mutation stub can be used to eliminate agricultural waste
byproducts.
(:)
Latent membrane protein (LMPI) expressed in EBV-infected cells is a major
transforming protein. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus that infects more than
90% of the human population, despite the fact that most carriers remain asymptomatic.
EBV, the causative agent of infectious monucleosis, is associated with several human
lymphoid and epithelial malignancies, including Burkits lymphoma, nasopharyngeal
carcinoma (NPC), T cell lymphoma and Hodgkins disease. LMPI, an integral
membrane protein comprising 386 amino acids, consists of the N-terminus cytoplasmic
domain of twenty four amino acids, six membrane-spanning domains of 162 amino acids,
and a long cytoplasmic C-terminus of 200 amino acids.
The phosphorylation of LMPI plays a significant role in regulating the function
of LMPI. The C-terminus of LMPI, i.e. the main domain engaging the intracellular signal
transductions, can be phosphorylated. The C-terminus contains several activating
regions, i.e. CTAR1, CTAR2, and CTAR3, that determine the biological functions of the
molecule. Although the function of CTAR2 has been extensively studied, certain
aspects require further consideration. For instance, LMPI is known to activate at least
seven signaling pathways.
According to previous studies, CTAR2 domains of LMPI activate
around 75% of NT-KB activity compared with full-length LMPI. Whether CTAR1
accounts for the remaining 25% of NF-KB activity is unknown.
The inability to identify and characterize the remaining 25% function of
CTAR1 prevents us from thoroughly understanding how this versatile molecule
implements its function in EBV-induced transformation and, possibly, preventing the
development of potential therapeutic targets for EBV-associated cancers.
(:)
Based on the above, we should develop a model based on analysis
of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein in which C terminus 204 and 206
are mutated. Based on those results, the phosphorylation and ubiquitination of
the mutated C terminus 204 and 206 can also be found on the NF-KB signal
pathway.
To do so, the LMPI DNA can be selected based on a colony
technique. The DNA can then be analyzed in terms of protein expression by
cell culture and Western blotting.
As anticipated, the proposed model can reduce phosphorylation on
the NF-KB signal pathway by 25%.
By identifying and characterizing LMPI-associated proteins, LMPI
mediated signal pathway and LMPI target enes can provide further insight into
how this versatile molecule executes its function in EBV-induced transformation,
making it possible to develop potential therapeutic targets for EBV-associated
cancers.
Further details can be found at
http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw