Learners with

Exceptionalities
Objectives
• Describe the basic categories of exceptional
learners.

• Define and distinguish the term disability and

handicap.

• Demonstrate “people first” language when

referring to exceptional learners and advocate
for its use.
Right information and
proper attitude will
allow you
perform/facilitate
learning.
 Disability – is a
measurable impairment
or limitations that
interferes with a Handicap – is a
person’s ability. disadvantage that
(Individuals with Disabilities occurs as a result of
Education Act, 1987 Philippine
Constitution, Article XIV, Sec. 2
disability or
(5). impairment.
 Categories of
Exceptionalities
A. Specific C. Physical
Cognitive or Disabilities and
Academic Health E. Giftedness
Difficulties Impairments

B. Social D.
Emotional and Sensory
Behavioral impairme
Difficulties nts
Specific Cognitive or
Academic Difficulties
Learning
Disabilities
involve difficulties in cognitive
processes like perception, language,
memory or metacognition that are
not due to other disabilities like
mental retardation, emotional or
behavioral disorders or sensory
impairments. (dyslexia, dyscalculia,
dysgraphia)
 Attention-Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD is manifested in either or

both of these:
(1) difficulty in focusing and
maintaining attention
(2) recurrent hyperactive and
impulsive behavior.
 Speech and
Communication
Disorders

there is difficulty in spoken

language including voice disorders,
inability to produce the sounds
correctly, stuttering, difficulty in
spoken language comprehension
that hamper classroom
performance.
 Autism
is a condition manifested by
different levels of impaired social
interaction and communication,
repetitive behaviors and limited
interests. There is an intense need
for routine and a predictable
environment.
Mental Retardation
refers to significant sub-average
intelligence and deficits in adaptive
behavior. There is difficulty
managing activities of daily living
and in conducting themselves
appropriately in social situations.
 Emotional/Conduct
disorders
involves the presence of emotional
states like depression and
aggressions over a considerable
amount of time that they notable
disturb learning and performance
in school.
Physical and Health
impairments
This involves physical or medical
conditions (usually long-term)
including one or more of these
(1) limited energy and strength
(2) reduced mental alertness
(3) little muscle control .
Severe and Multiple
Disabilities
This refers to the presence
of two or more different
types of disability, at times
at a profound level.
Sensory Impairments
Visual Impairments – These are
conditions when there is a
malfunction of the eyes or optic
nerves that prevent normal vision
even with corrective lenses.

Hearing Impairments – these

involve malfunction of the ear or
auditory nerves that hinders
perception of sounds within the
frequency range of normal speech.
 Giftedness
This involves a significantly
high level of cognitive
development. There is
unusually high ability or
aptitude in one or more of
these aspects: intellectual
ability, aptitude in academic
subjects, creativity, visual or
performing arts or leadership.
People-First Language

🏃
Putting the person first not the ability.
 “
Tells us what
conditions people
have, not what they
are.
Avoiding generic labels

Emphasizing abilities not

limitations

Avoiding euphemisms

Avoid implying illness or suffering

 “
Reminds us to have more
respectful and accepting attitude
towards learners with
exceptionalities
 “
They are learners who
may turn to you for
assistance.
 “
Beginning with the right attitude,
one of compassion (not of pity or
ridicule), will make you a more
effective teacher, one with the
hand and the heart who can
facilitate learning and adjustment.
Thank you!

Any questions?