Concepts of Guidance

Positive Recollections about the Guidance

Office and Guidance Counselor

• Sought an advice to the

Guidance Counselor
• Available for consultation,
understanding, helpful in
situational problems
• Offered many activities
Negative Recollections about the Guidance
Office and Guidance Counselor

• A place/office where lost and

found items were given and also
where sanctions were given
• A scary place/office since we
could hear children crying inside
the counselor’s room
• The counselor gave gate passes
to students
WHAT IS GUIDANCE?

WHAT IS GUIDANCE and

COUNSELING?
WHAT IS GUIDANCE?
• Guidance Program is a system
of services designed to
improve the adjustment of each
and every person for whom it
was organized
- By Hatch and Costar
(1961, in Gibson and
Mitchell, 1999)
WHAT IS GUIDANCE?
• Guidance and Counseling has been
defined as a profession involving an
“integral approach to the development
of a well-functioning individual primarily
by helping him/her to utilize his/her
potentials to the fullest and plan his/her
present and future in accordance with
his/her abilities, interest and needs.”
- IRR of Republic Act 9258, Rule 1,
Section 3
Services mentioned in
RR of RA 9258

• Counseling
• Psychological Testing
• Research
• Placement
• Referral
• Group Process
Gibson and Higgins (1966)
•Individual Inventory/Analysis
•Information
•Counseling
•Research
•Placement
•Referral
•Follow-up
•Evaluation
•Consultation
•Program Development
•Public Relations
Gibson and Higgins (1966)
•Individual Inventory/Analysis
-The collection of extensive information about the
individual for proper understanding, decision making and
placement

•Information
-The comprehensive and systematic collection and
dissemination of information outside the individual
through various methods and programs to assist students
in their personal. Educational, and occupational planning.
Gibson and Higgins (1966)
•Counseling
-The dynamic personal interaction
between a counselor and counselee/s,
where the counselor employs methods,
approaches or techniques to enhance
the counselee’s intrapersonal and
interpersonal development and
competencies
Gibson and Higgins (1966)
•Research
-The attempt to unearth the needs of the
institutional community; establish the need for
improvement ; validate new strategies,
techniques and interventions; and discover
different alternatives for attaining goals

•Evaluation
-The determination of whether the services
offered have attained their objectives and are
meeting the needs of the clientele; the personnel
have satisfactorily performed their functions; and
facilities have been adequate
Gibson and Higgins (1966)
•Placement
-The facilitation of the clientele's movement to
the appropriate educational or occupational level
of program; entry into the appropriate co-
curricular and extra-curricular activities; pursuit of
further education and other employment upon
leaving the institution

•Referral
•Follow-up
Gibson and Higgins (1966)
•Placement
-The facilitation of the clientele's
movement to the appropriate educational
or occupational level of program; entry
into the appropriate co-curricular and
extra-curricular activities; pursuit of
further education and other employment
upon leaving the institution
Gibson and Higgins (1966)
•Consultation
-The mutual sharing and analysis of information
with the administration/management, faculty,
and parents to facilitate decision-making and
learning about strategies for helping the
counselee
•Program Development
-The assessment of needs, planning, and
provision of a systematic program for the
delivery of services
•Public Relations
- The explanation of guidance roles and
functions, programs and services, and benefits to
insiders and outsiders.
BASIC PRINCIPLES
Gibson and Mitchelle (1991) and Crow and Crow (1951)

1. The Guidance Program is an

integral part of the educational
system
2. It is responsive to the students’
needs
3. It recognizes the student as an
individual
4. The Program is in the hands of
qualified personnel
BASIC PRINCIPLES
Gibson and Mitchelle (1991) and Crow and Crow (1951)

The Guidance Program is an

integral part of the educational
system
1. Program should be holistic
2.Maximize students’ growth and
development
3.Administrative and faculty understanding
and support of the Guidance Program are
crucial to its success
4.Guidance personnel perform specific
tasks distinct and separate from teaching
and disciplining
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE GUIDANCE PROGRAM
Gibson and Mitchelle (1991) and Crow and Crow (1951)
It is responsive to the
students’ needs
1.The Guidance Program addresses the development and adjustment
needs of the students
2.The Program considers the unique culture and climate of the specific
population and environment it serves
3.Program offerings are based on regular, systematic assessment of
the students’ needs and environment it serves
4.Guidance is a continuous process throughout the person's stay in
school
5.Guidance activities are specifically planned and developed to ensure
Program effectiveness
6.The Guidance team consists of the school counselor, or psychologists,
social workers, teachers, administrators and other educational
professionals and staff who work together for students’ welfare
7.Guidance Program recognizes the need to provide objective evidence
of accomplishment and rationale for its continued existence
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE GUIDANCE PROGRAM
Gibson and Mitchelle (1991) and Crow and Crow (1951)

It recognizes the student as an

individual and is premised on the
following:
 Every individual has needs that must be
attended to
Guidance should be extended to all
Every individual is unique and possess
worth and dignity
Human beings can develop their own
insights
All individuals have the right and
capability to make decisions and plans.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE GUIDANCE PROGRAM
Gibson and Mitchelle (1991) and Crow and Crow (1951)

The Program is in the hands of

qualified personnel
1. The school counselor is a role
model of positive human relations.
2.Professionally trained guidance
personnel are indispensable for
ensuring competence, leadership,
and direction.

Performed by qualified and trained

persons
HISTORY OF GUIDANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES

1950’s
- Guidance Program was developed in the
US and brought to the Philippines as a
formal set of services by Filipinos who
had studied in the US.
1932
- formal guidance set-up was started
- Sinforoso Padilla started as
Psychological Clinic as a response to the
cases of student discipline, emotional
concerns, and academic and vocational
problems . His clinic operated until 1941
HISTORY OF GUIDANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES

 1934 – 1939
Counseling Tests were introduced as a
service to non-school settings clients
- Convicts in New Bilibid Prison in 1934
- Residents of Welfareville in 1939

 1939 – 1940
- A Dean of Boys and a Dean of Girls
were assigned to attend to the behavior
and conduct of students referred to
them
HISTORY OF GUIDANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES
 1945
- The first Guidance Institute was held at
the National Teachers College
- This gave birth to the Association of the
Philippines
 1951
- Congress proposed to establish a
functional Guidance and Counseling
Programs
 1952
- The proposal was officially acknowledged
when the Division Superintendents of
schools recommended the establishment
of GS in the pubic schools
HISTORY OF GUIDANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES
 1953
- Phil. Association of Guidance
Counselors was organized to
study needs, interests, and
potentials of the youth and to
establish a Testing Bureau

 Systematic work and

Pioneering Guidance
Program
- Guidance Section of the United
States Veterans Administration
HISTORY OF GUIDANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES
 Systematic work and
Pioneering Guidance Program
- Guidance Section of the United
States Veterans Administration
- Filipino Psychologists:
- Sinforoso Padilla
- Jesus Perpinan
- Roman Tuason

 Sr. Liguori del Rosario

- Offered bachelors course in Guidance
and Counseling at St. Scholastica’s
HISTORY OF GUIDANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES

 Founding Members of the

PGPA
- Estefania Aldaba – Lim (De La
Salle U)
- Bro. Justin Lucian (De La Salle
U)
- Sr. Liguori del Rosario (St.
Scholastica’s C)
HISTORY OF GUIDANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES

 PGPA
- was the brainchild of
two Jesuit priests: Fr.
Jaime Bulatao , Fr.
Antonio Ledesma
Submitted a proposal to Dr.
Esperanza Limcaco of UP
HISTORY OF GUIDANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES

 1964 PGCA was

established
-Formerly PGPA
-The first formally organized
Guidance and Counseling
Association in our country
-Accredited professional
organization (APO) by the
PRC
HISTORY OF GUIDANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES
 1932
- Many organizations concerned with the
continued improvement of Guidance Program
and Services have been born during this year.
• PGCA – Philippine Guidance and Counseling
Association (1976)
• PACERS – Philippine Association for
Counselor Education, Research and
Supervision
• CDAP – Career Development Association of
the Philippines (1977)
• PVGA – Phil Vocational Guidance
Association, later as PhiCGuidDe – Phil
Association for Career Guidance and
Development
HISTORY OF GUIDANCE IN THE PHILIPPINES
 2004
- Most significant Guidance
movement/ and development
- Passage of the law for all Guidance
Counselors to secure a license
before practicing the profression
2007
- A PRB for Guidance and Counseling
was constituted
- Rhodella l. Bariel (1st chairperson)
- Luzviminda S. Guzman (PRB
member)
- Lily Rosales (PRB member)
Factors which led to the
development of guidance and
counseling
• Shift from rural to city living
• Accessibility of education
• Vocational guidance movement
• Industrialization
• Immigration
• Civil war
• World War I & II
• Depression and recession
Factors which led to the
development of guidance and
counseling
• Psychological research
• Studies in individual development
• Study of individual differences
• Child study movement
• Mental health movement
• Federal legislations
• Development in testing
Prevailing Conditions in the
Philippine

I. The Family Situation

II. The Complexity of Living
III.Experiencing Crisis
Prevailing Conditions in the
Philippine

I. The Family Situation

 Disappearing Family
 Unready Family
 The Pathological Family
Prevailing Conditions in the
Philippine

II. The Complexity of Living

Increased Mobility of Filipinos
Increasing Course options
and educational attainment
Career related issues
Financial difficulty
Prevailing Conditions in the
Philippine

III. Experiencing Crisis

Calamities
Crimes
Learning and other disorders
THANK YOU!!!