Columbus Center

East

Kegan International
December 8, 2021
 Agenda

I. Introduction to Kegan
II. Overview - Columbus Center Project
III. Conceptual Design
IV. Focus
I. High Rise Building – The Tripod
Retail Center – The Arch
II.

V. Concluding Remarks
I. Costs and Benefits

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Kegan International

 Project Members:
 Jason COOK, Project Manager
 Aurelie BLE, Structural Engineer
 Sinan KETEN, Structural Engineer
 Miriam SON, Architectural Engineer
 Goldie KATZOFF, Construction Engineer

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

Columbus Center
Project

Overview
 Columbus Center Project
Overview

 Develop air rights spanning the

Massachusetts Turnpike, I-90
 Utilize the fragmented, small plots near
the turnpike for structural supports
 Create social and economical value for
South End
 Maintain financial appeal to investors

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Columbus Center Project
Site Location

Downtown
Boston, MA

North Tip
of the
South End

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Columbus Center Project
Site Layout

16 17 18 19

Parcel
Parcel 16:
17:
18: 101
100
171 19:
Parcel Clarendon
Berkeley
Arlington
N/A Street
Street
Street
High
Arch
Parking
rise
structure
Urban structure
building
park forwith
to
retail
service
office
shopping
environment and
new
residential
development
space
December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project
 Columbus Center Project
Conceptual Design

 Parcel 16-Parking Garage

 Cantilever Structure
 Design A: Concrete
 Segmental bridge idea
 Pre-stressed & lightweight 1
 Design B: Steel
 Multi-story steel truss
 Prefabricate & install

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise –Conceptual Design
Conceptual Design

 Parcel 17-High Rise

 Design A: Tripod
 Longest span at base
 Inherent lateral stability

 Intriguing architecture

 Design B: Hanging
 Efficient
use of material
 Column-free at grade

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Columbus Center Project
Conceptual Design

 Parcel 18-Retail Center

 Design A: Arched Gravity Structure
 Quick and easy erection
 Design B: Arched Hanging Structure
 Lighterstructure
 Less expensive

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Columbus Center Project
Conceptual Design

 Parcel 19-Park
 Design: Hanging Platform
 Concrete slab supported by
3 piles
 Overturning moment
prevented by trussed
bracing
 Additional stability provided
by cables

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Columbus Center Project
Selected Focus

 Parcel 17
 The High Rise
 Tripod

 Hanging

 Parcel 18
 The Arch
 Hanging

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

Design Overview
The High Rise

Design Overview
Structural System
Constructability
 High Rise – Design Overview
Final Design

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Design Overview
Properties

 Combination of Schemes
 Tripod main structure
 Hanging floors
 Traditional gravity supported
top section
 Structure Dimensions
 57 stories, 720 ft tall
 300 ft clear span at grade
 60 ft minimum at intersection
 135 ft span at top
 700,000 sq. ft of floor space

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

Structural System
The High Rise

Design Overview
Structural System
Constructability
 High Rise – Structural System
Overview

Main Structure
Crown
Core
Load Transfer
Foundation
Structural Analysis

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Main Structure

Main Structure
 Exterior Columns
 Tension Members
 Floor Framing

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Main Structure

 Exterior Columns
 Function
 Carries loads to ground
 Provides inherent lateral
stability and stiffness
 Description
 Triangular cross-section
 76 degrees incline

 Bottom to top tapering

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Main Structure

 Exterior Columns
 Materials
 Two concentric built up steel
triangles
 Concrete encased in
triangular steel sections
 Center kept hollow
 Lowers weight
 Avoids mass concrete heat
dissipation problems
 Increases moment of inertia

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Main Structure

 Exterior Columns
 Dimensions
 Size
determined by
proportion of building
 Appears robust and
communicates stability
 Bottom: 15 ft side
 Top: 5 ft side

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Main Structure

 Tension Members
 Function
 Carriesfloor loads
up to exterior
mega-columns

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Main Structure

 Tension Members
 Description
 Exterior members
 Solid steel rods
 Placed at every five floors
 Connected at floor-
column intersection rather
than keeping angle
consistent

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Main Structure

 Tension Members
 Description
 Interior members
 Solid steel rods
 Each member carries
loads of varying number of
floors

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Main Structure

 Tension Members
 Geometry
 Exterior
members sized
according to load
 Interior members
placed for
constant radius

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Main Structure

 Floor Framing
 Overview
 First floor most
critical
 Large spans

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Main Structure

 Floor Framing
 Layout
 Typical simple span
frames
 Reduced unbraced
length, 8 ft on center
spacing
 Corrugated metal
decking with one way
slabs

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Main Structure

 Floor Framing
 SAP Analysis
 Floor
framing
 Member sizing

 Check for strength

 Check for deflection

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Main Structure

 Floor Framing
 SAP analysis
 Deformed Shape

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

  Deformed Shape

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
The Crown

The Crown
 Hat Truss
 Mega-Columns

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
The Crown

 Hat Truss
 Function
 Resists outward
thrust of live loads
and lateral wind
loads
 Supports snow
load and roofing

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
The Crown

 Hat Truss
 Structure
 Exterior steel truss on
3 faces
 W14 columns and
chords, HSS diagonals
 Interior truss for span
loads, lateral stability

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
The Crown

 Mega-Columns
 Function
 Carries gravity loads to
the transition intersection
 Provides lateral
resistance

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
The Crown

 Mega Columns
 Structure
 Same scheme as main
structure
 Gravity loads distributed
to transfer system
 Slabs and floor framing
helps lateral stability

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
The Core

The Core
 Function
 Configuration

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
The Core

 Function
 Access to floors
 Resistance to inter-
story drift
 Support for floor
framing

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
The Core
Main
structure
 Configuration
 Braced steel truss
 Main structure
 Hung from transition
intersection
 Larger triangle area Crown
structure
 Crown
 Supported by transition
intersection
 Smaller rectangular
area
December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project
 High Rise – Structural System
Load Transfer

Load Transfer
 Main Structure – Crown
Transition
 Tension Member -
Column/Girder Connection
 Exterior members
 Interior members

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Load Transfer

 Main Structure –
Crown Transition
 Function
 Point of intersection
of the main structure
and crown
 Distributes loads to
main structure
columns
 Provides bending
rigidity

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Load Transfer

 Main Structure –
Crown Transition
 Behavior
 Exterior “mega-
truss” diagonals for
load transfer
 Interior core for
resisting bending
and drift
 Floor framing for
lateral stability

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Load Transfer

 Tension Member - Column/Girder

Connections
 Description
 Exterior connections

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Load Transfer

 Tension Member - Column/Girder

Connections
 Description
 Interior connections

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Load Transfer

 Tension Member - Column/Girder

Connections
 Design considerations
 Typical connections
 Double shear planes

 Stiffeners

 Hidden connections

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Load Transfer

 Tension Member - Column/Girder

Connections
 On-site considerations
 Prefabricated welds
 Accessibility of connections

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Structural Analysis

Structural Analysis
 Main Structural Skeleton
 Create geometry
 Dead, live and wind load combinations
 Rigid floor assumption – diaphragm
 Find max forces on mega- columns
 Core member sizing
 Structural dynamics

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Structural Analysis

Structural Analysis
 SAP Model of Main Structural Skeleton
 Deformed shape
 Torsion mode
 Sway mode

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

  Deformed Shape

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

  Fundamental Mode

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

  Second Mode

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Foundation

Foundation Considerations
 Loads
 Local Soil Structure
 Foundation for Each Column

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Foundation

 Loads
 3 mega-columns
 30,000 kips each
 Local Soil Structure
 Organic deposits to -20 ft
 Marine deposits to -105 ft
 Bedrock at 105 ft

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Structural System
Foundation

 Foundation for
Each Column
 (6) 4-ft diameter
caissons under
pile cap
 Rock socket
length: 57 ft
 Caisson capacity:
5,270 kips

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

Constructability
The High Rise

Design Concepts
Structural Details
Constructability
 High Rise – Constructability
Overview

 Sequence
 Schedule
 Projected construction
 GANTT chart
 Special Considerations

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Sequence

 STAGE 1: Foundation
 Clear site

 Foundation

 Drill

 Caissons

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Sequence

 STAGE 2: Column Construction

 Stable under their own weight
and wind loading up to height
of 300 ft
 Transport prefabricated steel
sections
 Progressively fill with concrete

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Sequence

 STAGE 2: Column Construction

 Erect a temporary bracing
system at 252 ft
 Provides lateral stability and
stiffness

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Sequence

 STAGE 2: Column Construction

 Continue construction

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Sequence

 STAGE 2: Column Construction

 Erect a 2nd temporary bracing
system at 450 ft

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Sequence

 STAGE 2: Column Construction

 At 540 ft, reach transition
intersection
 Inherent stiffness of tripod
structure goes into effect as
columns meet and connection
constructed

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Sequence

 STAGE 3: Core, Rods, Flooring, Frame

 Begin construction of core

 Trailing the downward construction

of the core
 Affix tension rods
 Put in floors
 Remove temporary bracing

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Sequence

 STAGE 3: Core, Rods, Flooring, Frame

 Begin construction on the crown,
building upwards, at 252 ft

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Sequence

 Sequence
 STAGE 3: Core, Rods, Flooring, Frame
 Continue with simultaneous
construction
 Building downwards on main
structure
 Building upwards on crown

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Sequence

 Sequence
 STAGE 3: Core, Rods, Flooring, Frame
 Complete framing

 Construction of hat truss

 Construction of roof

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Sequence

 Sequence
 STAGE 4: Finishing
 Timing overlaps with stage 3
 Begin after the start of core
construction (Start-Start relationship)
 Mechanical system
 Façade

 Interior finishing

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Sequence
 Start: June 18, 2007
 Projected Time: 35 months  End: May 20, 2010

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Special Considerations
 Mass Pike Related
 Minimal highway closures
 Build high rise from columns up
 Utilization of climbing cranes
throughout
 Safety considerations
 Install safety net
 Weary motorist http://www.nps.gov/jeff/arch-const.htm

 Provide screen to block their view

of construction

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Special Considerations
 Transportation Issues
 Rail lines on site provide a
convenient way to bring large
quantities of materials
 Truck additional materials to site
during night hours as needed
 Transport workers and materials

through site by elevators and

climbing cranes running up sides
of mega-columns

http://www.nps.gov/jeff/arch-const.htm

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 High Rise – Constructability
Special Considerations

 On-site Storage Issues

 Land surrounding columns can be used for
immediate storage
 Parcel 16 can be taken advantage of to store
materials for as long as construction of
parking structure has not yet begun

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

Design Overview
The Arch

Design Overview
Structural System
Constructability
 Arch – Site
Parcel 18: Retail Structure

Total Area:
222,500 ft2

Land:
21,900 ft2

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

Structural System
The Arch

Design Overview
Structural System
Constructability
 Arch – Structural System
Overview

 Arch Design
 Hanging Structure

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Arch – Structural System
Optimal Shape Determination

Maximal high : 71.76 ft

Initial incline : 45°

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Arch – Structural System
Materials and Description

 Steel frame
 Arches and beams:
W section members
 Columns: Plain steel
tension member
 Foundation LBE: concrete
 Tied arch: plain steel
tension member
 Concrete slabs 8 in thick
 Double glazed glass roof 1 in thick

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Arch – Structural System
Longitudinal Beam Description

 Ensure stability between

two arches
 Carry roof loads of the
double glazed glass

 52.80 ft wide and 4.92 ft high

 W sections : W8x24
W8x10

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Arch – Structural System
Connections

 W sections are welded to each other

and bolted to the arch

 Steel vertical tension members

are bolted to the arch

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Arch – Structural System
Foundations

 Tied arch:
4in radius horizontal tension
member
 Soil nature:
Organic Deposits until -20ft
Marine Deposit until -100ft
Bedrock beyond -100ft
 Foundations:
LBE 4x9 ft at each end of the 14
arches
Rock Socket length = 115 ft

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project
Constructability
The Arch

Design Concepts
Structural Details
Constructability
 Arch – Constructability
Sequence
 STAGE 1: Foundation
 Clear site
 Drill
 Caissons
 Arch Tie

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Arch – Constructability
Sequence
 STAGE 2: Arch Erection
 Off-site fabrication of segments
 Truck-in and raise into place during
early morning hours
 Y-support, fixed at the center of the
highway to provide temporary support
 Put up first two
arches concurrently

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Arch – Constructability
Sequence
 STAGE 3: Longitudinal beams
 For first two arches, fabricate center pieces
with longitudinal beams in place
 Lift center pieces into place
 For other arches
 Affix beams to tie and

adjacent arch

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Arch – Constructability
Sequence
 STAGE 4: Tension Members
 Put tension members into place
 Pouring the first floor

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Arch – Constructability
Sequence
 STAGE 5: Floors
 Begin with bottom floor, to provide
work space for other floors
 Continue with construction of
remaining floors

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Arch – Constructability
Sequence
 STAGE 6: Finishing Touches
 Roof
 Façade
 Mechanical system
 Interior
 Etc.

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Arch – Constructability
Sequence
 Start: June 2, 2008
 Projected Time: 28 months  End: October 25, 2010

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Arch – Constructability
Special Considerations

 Considerations similar to high-rise

 Exceptions
 Highway closures in early morning hours
during stage 1 of construction
 Lifting members into place

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

Concluding Remarks
Costs & Benefits
 Costs & Benefits-The High Rise

 Costs of the High Rise Structure

 Gross estimate: $225,968,000
 Material & construction costs: $82,000,000
 Concrete: 17,000 CY @ $988/CY
 Steel: 25,000 tons @ 2575/ton
 Mechanical & electrical: $30,984,000
 Difficulty factor scale: 2

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Costs and Benefits- The Arch
 Cost of the Arch Structure
 Gross estimate: $101,425,000
 Material & construction costs: $91,000,000
 Concrete: 19,000 cy @ $988/cy
 Steel: 28,150 tons @ 2575/ton
 Mechanical & electrical: $10,425,000

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

 Cost & Benefits
 Benefits
 The tripod high rise
 Redefines the Boston skyline
 Prime office space

 Penthouse rentals with magnificent views

 The arch structure

 Profitable retail space
 Idea location near the high rise

 Brings life to the South End

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project

December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project
 Thank You!
Go raibh mĺle maith agait!
Merci!
Teşekkürler!
Grazie!
Gracias!



December 8, 2021 Columbus Center Project