From English?

Is German
Different

Based on the Grammar.

Sabrina Tristy L / 180410170083
Main

Menu. The Origin.

1 Indo-European Language.

The Article.
2 Die, Das, Der.

The Four Cases.

3 Nominativ, Akkusativ, Dativ,
Genetiv.

The Structure.
4 Subject + Object + Predicate.
1
The Origin.
• Both German and English came from the same Germanic branch of
the Indo-European language family.
• Besides them, there are also Italian, Spanish, Portuguese,
Russian and French.
2
The Articles.
In German language, there are three articles for noun :

DIE DAS DER

(Feminine noun) ( Neuter noun ) (Masculine noun)
 The Articles.
“ They cannot be determined by certain
things.”

DIE ( Feminine ) EINE ( Feminine ) DIE

( For definite articles.)
DAS ( Neuter )
EIN ( Neuter & Masculine )
DER ( Masculine)

Definite Articles Indefinite Articles. Plural Article.

 Definite Article.
DIE , DAS , DER

The Usage of Definite Article.

• The definite articles in German has the same usage as if in English, that is :

To specify a particular noun.

• German’s definite articles are often used more than ‘The’ in English Language.
• They carry a lot more information.
• Must be memorized.
• Placing wrong article in a noun changes the noun’s meaning.

Examples.
Der Band. > The Knot.

Der Band = Die Band. > Band. (who performs music).

Der Band = Das Band. > Radio Waves.

 Indefinite Article.
EIN , EINE

The Usage of Indefinite Article.

• The indefinite articles in German has the same usage as if in English, that is :

To refer to a nonspecific noun.

• German’s indefinite articles are often used the same as ‘a/an’ in English Language.
• Ein is for Das and Der ( Neutral and Masculine nouns ), meanwhile Eine is for Die ( Feminine nouns ).
• Same as English, German’s indefinite article does not have plural forms and only can be used in singular nouns.

Examples.
Der Stift (The Pencil) > ein Stift. ( A pencil ) Alex hat ein Stift. (Alex has a pencil.)

Die Brille (The Glasses) > eine Brille. (A glasses) Sie trägt eine Brille. (She wears glasses/ a glasses.)

Das Buch. (The Book) > ein Buch. (A Book) Ich habe ein Buch. (I have a book.)
 Plural Article.
DIE

The Usage of Plural Article.

• The usage of plural article in German is :

To specify a plural noun.

• Any noun regardless their gender used Die if it is plural or more than one.
• The noun is usually followed by additional plural suffixes depends on their genders and the ending of the noun.
• The additional suffixes are :
- -es - -e - -er
- -s - -se - -ö
- -ë - -en - etc

Examples.
Die Tochter (The Daughter) > Die Töchter. (The Daughters)

Das Bild. (The Picture) > Die Bilder. (The Pictures)

3
The Four Cases.
There are four noun cases in German Language :

NOMINATIV DATIV

AKKUSATIV GENETIV
 The First Case.
THE NOMINATIV CASE.

WHAT IS
• The same as English, it is the noun as the subject of the sentence.
“ THE • The noun does not undergo any changes.
NOMINATIV • Usually followed by ‘to be’.
CASE “ ?

Examples.
Der Hund ist unter dem Tisch.

The dog is under the table.

In the sentence above, Der Hund is the subject. The one who does not get affected by any action.

Then followed by a to be, ist.

Then there is a prepositional phrase: Unter dem Tisch.

Dem Tisch came from Der Tisch,
which the case changes because it is a place and an direct object.
(Nominativ > Akkusativ).
 The Second Case.
THE AKKUSATIV CASE.

WHAT IS
• Known in English as the ‘direct object’.
“ THE • The same as English, it is:
AKKUSATIV
a noun as the object/receiver of an action of a transtitive verb by the subject.
CASE “ ?
• Usually placed after verbs.
• In this case, only the articles for Masculine noun changes from:
Der > Den
Ein > Einen
er (he) > ihn (him)

Examples. The subject does not undergo any changes. ( Nominativ

case.)
Der Hund beißt den Mann.
A transtitive verb done by the subject, affecting the
The dog bites the man. receiver.

The receiver, the original word is der Mann.

Changes into den Mann because it is a direct
object.
 The Third Case.
THE DATIV CASE.

WHAT IS
• Known in English as the ‘indirect object’.
“ THE • A very important element in communicating in German.
DATIV • The question that can be used to distinguish this case:
CASE “ ? to whom (wem) the action is directed to?

• In this case, all of the nouns’ genders change, so do the plural form and the pronouns
• Is usually used after dative verbs and with dative prepositions :

Die > Der Eine > Einer

Das > Dem Ein > Einem
Der > Dem Ein > Einem
Examples.
The subject, the one who does an action.
Der Polizist gibt dem Fahrer einen Strafzettel.
The dativ verb, the action that affected the dativ noun.
The policeman is giving the driver a ticket.
The object of the action. The nominativ form is Der
Fahrer.
 The Fourth Case.
THE GENETIV CASE.

WHAT IS
• Known in English as the ‘possessive form’.
“ THE • The same as English, it is expressed by using of in a form of possession or an apostrophe
GENETIV With an s “ ‘s “
• Often found in written German.
CASE “ ? • Can also be replaced by Von + dativ.
• Can be easily distinguished by the article.
• In this case, all the gender of the noun changes:
Die > Der
Das > Des
Der > Des
*The masculine and neuter noun usually got an additional ending like in the plural form. Usually it is
Either –es or –s.

Examples.
The bolds are the genetive word or expression.
Der Titel des Filmes/Films
The nominativ form is Das Film.
The Film’s title or the title of the film.
4
The Structure.
 The Structure.
VERBA.

• In German, the verb is change based on :

The Subject Time Modus. ( Possibility of the action to appear. )

• Sometimes the verbs can change depends on the subject or the time usually have patterns.
• But some other change without patterns and can only be memorized.

Examples.
The word, Schlagen (hit) changes in current time
(Präsens/present) and modus indikativ (very possible to
happen.) :
Ich schlage. ( I hit/beat.)
Wir schlagen. ( We hit/beat.)
Du schlägst. ( you hit/beat.)
Some of the verb changes because of the subject.
Ihr schlagt. ( You(many) hit/beat.)
Er schlägt. ( He hit/beat.)
Sie schlagen. ( They hit/beat.)
 The Structure.
SUBJECT + OBJECT + PREDICATE

• The same as in English, German language also has subject, predicate, object.
• But There is no continuous form of a sentence.
• In German, if there is a compound verb, that verb is usually placed in the end of the sentence after a noun.

Examples.
I play Basketball. A simple sentence contain :

Ich Spiele das Basketball. Subject + Verba + Object

I would like to play basketball. A sentence with two verbs:

Ich möchte das Basketball spielen. Subject + Main Verba + Object + Compound
Verba
 Thank
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