P ertemu an - 2

STATIKA BENDA TEGAR

Benda tegar : elemen yang tidak berubah bentuk.
Kopel : Momen :
Kombinasi 2 buah gaya yang sama Kecendurungan suatu gaya untuk
besar, garis aksi sejajar arah saling memutar benda tegar sekitar sebuah
berlawanan. sumbu diukur oleh momen gaya terhadap
sumbu tersebut.
MA = F . d.
Momen pada bidang

MO = + Fd
the moment of a force F acting in the plane
of the figure must be perpendicular to that
plane, we need only specify the magnitude
and the sense of the moment of F about O.
MO = – Fd
Rectangular Components of the
Moment of a Force
The moment about a given point O of the resultant of several
concurrent forces is equal to the sum of the moments of the
various forces about the same point O. is known as Varignon’s
theorem. the French mathematician Pierre Varignon (1654 –1722)

r × ( F1 + F2 + · · · ) = r × F1 + r × F2 + · · ·
The moment MO about point O of a force F applied at point A is the vector
product of the position vector r and the force F, which can both be
expressed in rectangular components.

r = xi + yj + zk F = F x i + F y j + Fz k
MO = r × F
M O = M xi + M yj + M zk

where the components Mx, My, and Mz are defined by the relations
Rectangular components of a moment

Mx = yFz − zFy the scalar components Mx, My, and Mz of the

moment MO measure the tendency of the
My = zFx − xFz force F to impart to a rigid body a rotation
about the x, y, and z axes, respectively.
Mz = xFy − yFx
To compute the moment MB about an arbitrary point B of a force F applied at
Awe must replace the position vector r in a vector drawn from B to A, This
vector is the position vector of A relative to B, denoted by rA/B.

MB = rA/B × F = (rA − rB) × F

Setting z = 0 and Fz = 0

MO = (xFy − yFx) k
MO = Mz = xFy − yFx

MB = (xA − xB) Fy − (yA − yB) Fx

Teorema Varignon
Momen sebuah gaya terhadap setiap sumbu, sama
dengan jumlah momen komponen gaya (Fx, Fy),
terhadap sumbu yang bersangkutan.
• Momen dihitung dengan cara mengalikan gaya jarak
terhadap satu pusat momen.
• Gaya harus tegak lurus terhadap sumbu momen.
• Jika tidak tegak lurus, maka harus dicari komponen gaya
tegak lurus, baik Fx maupun Fy.
A 100-lb vertical force is applied to the end of a lever, which is attached to a shaft at O. Determine (a) the
moment of the 100-lb force about O; (b) the horizontal force applied at A that creates the same moment
about O; (c) the smallest force applied at A that creates the same moment about O; (d) how far from the
shaft a 240-lb vertical force must act to create the same moment about O; (e) whether any one of the
forces obtained in parts b, c, or d is equivalent to the original force.

a. Moment about O. The perpendicular

distance from O to the line of action of the
100-lb force
d = ( 24 in. ) cos 60° = 12 in.

MO = Fd = ( 100 lb ) ( 12 in. ) = 1200 lb·in.

Horizontal Force. Smallest Force. 240-lb Vertical Force.

d = (24 in.) sin 60° = 20.8 in. MO = Fd MO = Fd

Because the moment about 1200 lb·in . = F ( 24 in. ) 1200 lb·in. = ( 240 lb ) d
O must be 1200 lb·in F = 50 lb d = 5 in.
MO = Fd
F = 50 lb ⦪30° OB cos 60° = d
1200 lb·in . = F ( 20.8 in. )
OB = 10 in.
F = 57.7 lb F = 57.7 lb →
 Sebuah gaya F : 800 N bekerja di braket seperti pada gambar.
Contoh Tentukan momen terhadap B.

1. Gaya F = 800 N dengan sudut 60º, gaya tersebut tidak tegak

lurus terhadap batang. Maka seperti pada Teorema Varignon,
bahwa harus dicari komponen gaya Fx dan Fy.

• Fx = F cos 60º = 800 cos 60º = 400 N

• Fy = F sin 60º = 800 sin 60º = 693 N
2. Gunakan prinsip garis gaya untuk menghitung momen di B
akibat gaya Fx & Fy.
a) MBx = Fx . AC = 400 . 0,160 = 64 N.m (searah jarum jam)
b) MBy = Fy . BC = 693 . 200 = 138,6 N.m (searah jarum jam)
Maka jumlah momen B dengan menggunakan Teorema varignon :

MB = MBx + Mby ; = 64 + 138,6

= 202,6 Nm (searah jarum jam)
 Sebuah gaya 30 Lb bekerja pada ujung tuas yang panjangnya 3
Contoh ft. Tentukan momen gaya tersebut terhadap O.

20o 30lb
• Gaya 30-lb dengan sudut 20º terhadap sumbu tuas. Maka harus
A
diuraikan ke arah vertikal (Fy) dan horisontal (Fx) terhadap sumbu.
• P terhadap O tidak menimbulkan momen karena segaris dengan
sumbu (tidak mempunyai jarak)
• Momen ke O, hanya disebabkan gaya Q yang tegak terhadap
50o sumbu tuas.
O
P
20o
30lb
A
Q = 30 lb . sin 20º = 10,26 lb
Q
MO = - Q . 3 = -(10,26) . 3 = - 30,8 lbft ~ 30,8 lbft

50o

O
COUPLES AND FORCE-COUPLE SYSTEMS
Two forces F and –F, having the same magnitude,
parallel lines of action, and opposite sense, are said to
form a couple
rA×F+rB×(−F)=(rA−rB)×F

rA – rB = r M=r×F M is called the moment of the couple

M = rF sin θ = Fd
Momen suatu Kopel

Jumlah M disebut momen dari kopel. M tidak tergantung

pada pemilihan A, sehingga : momen M suatu kopel adalah
tetap besarnya sama dengan Fd dimana F besar gaya dan d
adalah jarak antara ke dua garis aksinya.
Three equivalent couples. (a) A couple acting on the bottom of the box,
acting counterclockwise viewed from above; (b) a couple in the same
plane and with the same sense but larger forces than in (a); (c) a couple
acting in a different plane but with the same sense.
Four steps in transforming one couple to another couple in the same plane by
using simple operations. (a) Starting couple; (b) label points of intersection of
lines of action of the two couples; (c) resolve forces from first couple into
components; (d) final couple.
Four steps in transforming one couple to another couple in a
parallel plane by using simple operations. (a) Initial couple; (b)
add a force pair along the line of intersection of two diagonal
planes; (c) replace two couples with equivalent couples in the
same planes; (d) final couple.
 Penjumlahan Kopel
Dua kopel dapat diganti dengan kopel tunggal yang momennya sama
dengan jumlah aljabar dari kedua momen semula.
Kedua gaya pada garis aksi yang
sama dapat langsung dijumlahkan
untuk mencari momen.

Momen yang terjadi jika P + S = R

M = (P + S) p = Pp + Sp = R.p
Tugas Individu
Sebuah gaya 30 N dikenakan pada batang pengontrol AB dengan
panjang 80 mm dan sudut 300. tentukan momen gaya terhadap B
dengan : a) menguraikan gaya menjadi komponen horisontal dan
vertikal, b) menjadi komponenkomponen sepanjang AB dan yang
berarah tegak lurus terhadap AB.

Sebuah gaya P sebesar 450 N dengan sudut α

= 300 dikenakan pada pedal rem di A. Tentukan
momen akibat gaya P di titik B.
Sebuah gaya P sebesar 300 N dikenakan pada engkol
lonceng. Hitunglah momen akibat gaya P terhadap O
dengan menguraikan gaya menjadi komponen vertikal
dan horisontal.

A 200-N force is applied as shown to the bracket ABC.

Determine the moment of the force about A.
It is known that the connecting rod AB exerts on the crank BC a
2.5-kN force directed down and to the left along the centerline of
AB. Determine the moment of the force about C.
Four tugboats are bringing an ocean liner to its pier. Each tugboat exerts a 5000-lb force in
the direction shown. Determine (a) the equivalent force couple system at the foremast O, (b)
the point on the hull where a single, more powerful tugboat should push to produce the same
effect as the original four tugboats.
A square foundation mat supports the four columns shown.
Determine the magnitude and point of application of the resultant
of the four loads.