BASIC MOTOR

CONTROL
What is a Motor Control?

Motor controls are also known as motor controllers. They have

several essential functions which include: automatically or manually
starting as well as stopping the operation of an electric motor, setting
forward or reversing the course of rotation, selecting and regulating
the speed of rotation, controlling or regulating the torque, as well as
protecting the motor against several degrees of electrical overloads
and faults.
MANUAL & AUTOMATIC CONTROL
SYSTEM
In manual control system, the process
operator observes the process condition
and controls the system by
doing manual adjustments. ... The
Automatic control system uses any one of the
continuous controller to control the process
based on the measurements and input.
How do Motor Control work?

Motor controllers are usually supplied with AC

power. The power that comes in to a controller is at a
set frequency. The motor controller first turns that AC
to DC, then turns the DC back into AC at the right
frequency. It uses a device called a rectifier
to make DC current.
 The simplest example of a motor control mechanism is a
regular switch that connects a motor to its power source.
This switch can be a manual controller, or a relay connected
to an automatic sensor for starting and stopping a motor
PRINCIPLE OF BASIC MOTOR
CONTROL
DIFFERENT TYPES OF MOTOR
CONTROLLER
 AC Motor Controller

 DC Motor Controller

 Stepper Motor Controller

AC Motor Controller
AC motor controllers and drives are used primarily in process
applications to control the speed of pumps, fans, blowers, etc.
They are known as variable speed drives, adjustable frequency
drives, or AC inverters. The controller, commonly integrated
with the drive circuits, supplies the control signals to the drive.
 DC Motor Controller

DC Motor Controllers and Drives are

electrical devices that modify the input
power by adjusting the constant or
alternating current source to a pulsed,
direct current output of varying pulse
duration or frequency.
DC motor controllers and drives are
used primarily to control motor speeds
and torques for machine tools, electric
vehicles, pumps, etc.
Stepper Motor Controller
 Stepper motor controllers and drives
are used primarily in motion control
applications in manufacturing and
construction environments, among
others, and used to control motor
speeds, torques, and position. They
are used in many applications
including machine tools, micro-
positioning, and robotics, among
many other types of machinery, such
as conveyors or OEM equipment.
MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUIT
 Motor control circuits are an effective way to reduce
cost by using smaller wire and reduced-amperage
devices to control a motor.
 Motor control circuits are often connected to lower
voltages than the motor they control to make it safer
for operators and maintenance personnel.
A motor control circuit, for the most part, is simply a
switch (or. group of switches) and a motor
TYPES OF MOTOR CONTROL
CIRCUITS

 DIRECT ON LINE STARTER (DOL STARTER)

 STAR DELTA STARTER

 AUTO TRANSFORMER STARTER

DIRECT ON LINE STARTER (DOL
STARTER)
 Direct Online Starter (DOL) are
used in small motors with has lower
power under 10kW. In overcurrent
protection circuits, fuses and circuit
breakers are commonly used. Fuses
and circuit breakers are configured
to interrupt the connection if the
current in the line exceeds the rated
motor current.
STAR DELTA STARTER
 To decrease the starting current cage motors of medium and
larger sizes are started at a reduced supply voltage. The reduced
supply voltage starting is applied in the Star Delta methods. This
is applicable to motors designed for delta connection in normal
running conditions.
 AUTO TRANSFORMER STARTER
 This assembly consisting of contactor,
overload block, control power transformer,
power fuses. the initial voltage applied to
the motor and therefore the starting current
and torque. The motor, which can be
connected permanently in delta or in a star,
is switched first on a reduced voltage from
a 3-phase tapped autotransformer and when
it has accelerated sufficiently, it is switched
to the running (full voltage) position.
THE END…