GENERAL QUALITY

STANDARDS OF PRODUCTS

PRESENTED BY:
MANISHA SINGH
BBM 5TH SEM
 PRODUCTS

• SOFT DRINKS AND BEVERAGES:

• PEPSICO
• COCACOLA
• PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
• AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

 
• PepsiCo, Incorporated is a Fortune 500, American
multinational corporation headquartered in New York, with interests in
manufacturing and marketing a wide variety of carbonated and non-
carbonated beverages, as well as salty, sweet and cereal-based snacks,
and other foods. Besides the Pepsi brands, the company owns the brands
Quaker Oats, Gatorade, Frito-Lay, SoBe, Naked, Tropicana, Copella,
Mountain Dew, Mirinda and 7 Up .
• The Pepsi Cola Company began in 1898 by a NC Pharmacist and
Industrialist Caleb Bradham, but it only became known as PepsiCo when it
merged with Frito Lay in 1965.
• Current members of the board of directors of PepsiCo are Indra Nooyi
C.E.O., Robert E. Allen, Dina Dublon, Victor Dzau, Ray Lee Hunt, Alberto
Ibargüen, Arthur Martinez, Steven Reinemund, Sharon Rockefeller, James
Schiro, Franklin Thomas, Cynthia Trudell, and River King.
 Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in the stores, restaurants, and
vending machines of more than 200 countries. It is produced by
The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply
as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca-Cola Company in the United
States since March 27, 1944.
 The Coca-Cola Company was originally established in 1892 as the J. S.
Pemberton Medicine Company, a co-partnership between Dr.John Stith
Pemberton and Ed Holland.The company was formed to sell three main
products: Pemberton's French Wine Cola (later known as Coca-Cola),
Pemberton's Indian Queen Hair Dye, and Pemberton's Globe Flower Cough
Syrup.
 In 1894, the company became a stock company and the name was changed
to Pemberton Chemical Company.The new president was D. D. Doe while
Ed Holland became the new Vice-President.
 QUALITY STANDARDS

• Close on the heels of a major health scare on finding pesticides in bottled

drinking water, a non-government organisation claimed that the bottled
soft drinks owned by two multi national companies -- PepsiCo and Coke --
failed the health standards testing positive for pesticides.
• According to the tests conducted by the Pollution Monitoring Laboratory
of CSE, all samples contained residues of four extremely toxic pesticides
and insecticides: lindane, DDT, malathion and chlorpyrifos. Which can
cause cancers and reduce bone mineral density.
• In all PepsiCo brands, total pesticides on an average were 0.0180 mg/litre,
36 times higher than the EEC limit of total pesticides at 0.0005 mg/l.
• In Coca Cola brands they averaged at 0.0150 mg/l, 30 times higher than
the EEC limit.
• Coca Cola and PepsiCo brands sold in the United States
were also tested and found not to contain pesticides.
• these companies cannot be taken to court since the norms
that regulate manufacturing of cold drinks here are a
"meaningless maze.“
• The Bureau of Indian Standards, the highest government
body to maintain product quality certification, has set a
pesticide standard for bottled water but not for soft
drinks.
• Pesticide Percentage (%) in cold drinks
released from IMA recently.

1 Thums up 15.2%
2 Coke 13.4%
3 7 up 12.5%
4 Mirinda 10.7%
5 Pepsi 10.9%
6 Fanta 9.1%
 Impact on environment and people’s livelihoods

• Coca Cola and Pepsi companies have set up 90 bottling plants

in India. It takes 9 liters of water to make 1 liter of Coke/Pepsi.
Each plant draws on the average 10lakh liters of groundwater
a day. So groundwater levels are falling, creating water
shortages for people living in the nearby regions.
• Agriculture is getting affected by discharging
their toxic wastewater into nearby fields and
rivers, polluting the ground water and the soil.
With devastating long term consequences for
the health of the people living in the region.
 Suggestions

• Kokam sherbet, mango panna, lime juice, tender coconut,

sugarcane juice, lassi, innumerable fruit juices – there are so
many traditional drinks available in the country.
• These are not just fresh and tasty, but nutritious too. And
cheap and easily available.
 PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS

• Pharmaceutical products – more commonly known as medicines or drugs

– are a fundamental component of both modern and traditional medicine.
It is essential that such products are safe, effective, and of good quality,
and are prescribed and used rationally.
 Quality of Pharmaceutical Products

• The suitability of drugs for their intended use

is determined by:
• Their efficiency weighed against safety,
according to label claim, or as promoted or
publicized
• Their conformity to specifications regarding
identity, purity and other characteristics.
• The quality assurance of pharmaceutical products is a wide-
ranging concept covering all matters that individually or
collectively influence the quality of a product. It is the totality
of the arrangements made to ensure that pharmaceutical
products are of the quality required for their intended use.
• The quality control of pharmaceutical products is a concept
that covers all measures taken, including the setting of
specifications, sampling, testing and analytical clearance, to
ensure that the raw materials, intermediates, packaging
materials and finished pharmaceutical products conform with
established specifications for identity, strength, purity and
other characteristics.
 Pharmaceutical Companies in India

• India's emerging pharmaceutical industry has

appeared as the world leader in the fabrication of
standard generic drugs, ever since the Patent Act 1970
permitted India to seriously approach and contribute in
the pharmaceutical market worldwide.
• The workforce and technological proficiency of
pharmaceutical companies in India ensures the growth
of the industry on a global scale as well as within India.
• The sector is predicted to value about $3.1 billion
(USD).
 GROWTH OF INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET

• In the year 2008, Indian pharmaceutical

market was assessed at $7,743m which
witnessed an augmentation of 4.0% over
2007.
• Business observers predict that the Indian
pharmaceutical market will escalate at an
increasing mode as compared to the global
pharmaceutical market.
TOP 1 0 PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES IN INDIA
 Ranbaxy Laboratories
By sales India's largest pharma firm with the returns touching Rs 4,198.96 crore (Rs
41.989 billion) in 2007

 Dr. Reddy's Laboratories

With a turnover of Rs 4,162.25 crore (Rs 41.622 billion) in 2007, Dr Reddy's lab is
second largest drug firm in India by sales .

 Cipla
Cipla generated an annual revenue of Rs 3,763.72 crore (Rs 37.637 billion) in 2007
making itself the third largest pharmaceutical firms.

 Sun Pharmaceuticals
Sun Pharma Industries had an overall earnings of Rs 2,463.59 crore (Rs 24.635
billion) in 2007.

 Lupin Labs:
Lupin Labs yielded total profit of Rs 2,215.52 crore (Rs 22.155 billion) in 2007.

 Aurobindo Pharma
India's sixth largest pharma company by sales, Aurobindo posted Rs 2,080.19 crore
(Rs 20.801 billion) annual returns in 2007.

 GlaxoSmithKlineg
With 2007 turnover touching Rs 1,773.41 crore (Rs 17.734 billion, GSK is India's
seventh largest pharma firm.

 Cadila Healthcare
Cadila's earnings was Rs 1,613.00 crore (Rs 16.13 billion) in the fiscal year 2007,
establishing itself as India's eight largest drug company.

 Aventis Pharma
With an annual revenue of Rs 983.80 crore (Rs 9.838 billion) in 2007, Aventis
Pharma has made a place for itself in the top ten pharma companies in India

 Ipca Laboratories
Ipca is India's 10th largest pharma company by sales and in 2007 it had a turnover
of Rs 980.44 crore (Rs 9.804 billion)
 The issue

• Med safe was notified by the FDA (Food and Drug

Administration (FDA) on 16 September 2008 of
substandard GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice)
at 2 Ranbaxy manufacturing sites in India.
• The FDA has banned the importation of all
products manufactured at these two sites apart
from one product which has no readily available
alternative in the USA (Ganciclovir – a product not
available)
1. Lovir (aciclovir) 200 Anti-viral medicine Approximately
mg tablets commonly used for the 60,000
 400 mg tablets treatment and prescriptions a year
 800 mg tablets prevention of herpes. in NZ.
 

1. Cefaclor 250 mg Anti-bacterial medicine Approximately

capsule used to treat infections 160,000
 125 mg/5 mL in blood, tissue and prescriptions a year
suspension skin. in NZ.
 

1. Amoxicillin 125 mg/5 Anti-bacterial medicine Approximately

mL suspension (penicillin based) 400,000
 250 mg/5 mL commonly used to treat prescriptions a year
suspension infections in blood, in NZ.
  tissue and skin.
 How do we ensure that medicines sourced from India are safe?

• All products from overseas manufacturers must have

certification from a trusted regulator such as
regulators from United States, Europe, United
Kingdom and Australia.
• Trusted regulators are those with similar standards to
our own and have a high reputation for competence
and their ability to judge ‘Good Manufacturing
Practice’ acceptability.
• New Zealand relies on audits by other trusted
international agencies of international sites. In
addition there is routine testing of a small number of
medicines undertaken each year in New Zealand.
 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
• The major agricultural products can be
broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and
raw materials. In the 21st century, plants have
been used to grow biofuels,
biopharmaceuticals, bioplastics, and
pharmaceuticals.
A list of countries by agricultural output in
2009.
Rank Country Output
1 China 520,352
— European Union 312,498
2 India 210,116
3 United States 171,075
4 Brazil 96,016
5 Japan 81,089
6 Russia 57,774
7 Spain 48,313
8 France 48,167
9 Australia 40,885
10 Italy 38,129
 What is BT Brinjal?
• Bt Brinjal is a transgenic brinjal created by
inserting a gene [Cry 1Ac] from the soil
bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis into Brinjal.
The insertion of the gene into the Brinjal cell
in young cotyledons has been done through
an Agro bacterium-mediated vector, along
with other genes like promoters, markers etc.
 Advantages :

• The key argument used by those who support BT brinjal is that it will
boost yields while reducing dependence on pesticides. On average, a
brinjal crop undergoes between 50-80 rounds of pesticide spraying.
• the Brinjal plant resistance against lepidopteron insects like the Brinjal
Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) and Fruit Borer
(Helicoverpa armigera).
• It is reported that upon ingestion of the Bt toxin by the insect, there
would be disruption of digestive processes, ultimately resulting in the
death of the insect.
 Disadvantages:

• The genes were toxic and would affect the health of

the consumers.
• Several studies on Bt crops in particular and GM
crops in general show that there are many potential
health hazards in foods bio-engineered in this
manner.
• GM-fed animals in various studies have shown that
there are problems with growth, organ
development and damage, immune responsiveness.
THANK YOU
