GENDER

and
DEVELOPMEN
T (GAD)

WINSHEL P. ANONUEVO
GAD School Coordinator
Lusaran National High School
 OUTLINE
• SEX AND GENDER: HOW DO THEY DIFFER?

• WHAT IS GENDER SOCIALIZATION?

• THE SCHOOL AS A SOCIALIZATION

AGENT

•GENDER SOCIALIZATION IN
OTHER LEARNING SETTING

• GENDER-FAIR EDUCATION
“An extremely important
part of an individual’s
identity and one that begins
at least at birth, is gender.
-- Dr. Kenneth Cushner, American Professor
Human Diversity in Education: An Intercultural Approach
It is more than just knowing that you
are male or female.

-Cushner, 2012
 SEX GENDER
Categorized as male or Masculinity and femininity
female Socially, culturally and
Biological historically determined
Learned through
Fixed at birth
socialization
Does not change across Varies over time and
time and space space
Equally valued Unequally valued
(masculinity as the norm)
“Sex is a biological characteristics;
gender is a social characteristics.

-Cushner, 2012
- Race
ethnicity
- social class
- religion and
- geographical region
Cushner, 2012
Are you doing the things you
want to do… or what society
expects of you?

ASK YOUR
SELF?
If a father does the household work,
he is considered as “under the saya.”
Men are better leaders and
administrators than women.
It is the woman’s fault if she is
being harassed sexually when she
is wearing skimpy clothing.
It is not proper for a girl to say
“I love you” first to a boy.
The mother should be the only one
responsible for child-rearing and
parenting.
Socialization – is the process by
which social norms, roles and
expectations are learned and
internalized.

Gender Socialization – is the

process by which norms and
expectations in relation to
gender are learned by women
and men.
Gender stereotype – a form of
prejudgment, bias or limitation
given to roles and expectations of
males and females.
1. Gender Stereotype in Social Roles
Men
Women
 provides financially for
• takes care of
the family
the house and
children
 Works as managers,
construction builders,
• Works as nurse,
engineers
teacher, secretary
 Portrayed as leaders
• Portrayed as
followers
2. Gender Stereotype in Capacities

Women

Men • good in arts and less

intellectual pursuits
 good in Math and
Science • Physically weaker and
fragile
 Physically strong
• Wishy-washy or fickle
 Firm decision- minded in decision-
makers making
3. Gender Stereotypes
in Traits and Characteristics

Men Women
 active • passive
 aloof • Loving
 Aggressive • Peaceful
 Independent • Dependent
 brave • fearful
AREAS OR CHANNEL OF
SOCIALIZATION
1.Family
2.Church
3.Mass Media
4.School
school

A. Instructional Language
B. Classroom Management
C. Instructional Materials
A. Instructional Language

•The use of generic words to refer to

both girls and boys
Example: he, his, man
• The use of stereotyped language
Example:
freshman… first year student
mankind…. humanity
fisherman …fisher folk
chairman ….chairperson
B. Classroom Management

• Assigning of groups –
( boys and girls together
not boys against girls)
• Tasks given by teachers

• Discipline
C. Instructional Materials

1. Textbooks

2. Direct teaching materials

3. Peripheral teaching materials

A. Language
B. Instructional Materials
C.Dep-Ed Core Messages on Gender
Fair Education (part of GAD program)
• Shared parenting
• Shared home management
• Shared decision-making
Shared Parenting
• Taking care of the baby
•Helping the children with their
homework
• Disciplining the children
Shared Home Management
•Fixing the house, cleaning the
house
• Doing laundry
• Going to market
•Cooking, preparing the table,
washing the dishes
Share Decision Making
• Family council
• Giving permission to children
•Deciding for the affairs of the
children
 THE BIASED TEACHER
Blurred consciousness

Indirectly builds consciousness

Alarmingly unconscious

Supportive of a false consciousness

Enacts a different consciousness

Delays ‘real’ learning

 THE GENDER-SENSITIVE TEACHER
Cares to give fair recognition of both genders

Opposes language use that restricts genders

Makes proper addresses a must

Brings forth messages with sensitivity

Avoids exclusionary expressions; and

Treats all individuals with tact

and sense
“
...gender relationships, which are
tough for people to deal with, are
key to whether a society orients to
domination or partnership in all its
relations.     
Riane Eisler