LIFE SUPPORT

 Kinds of Life Support

1.BASIC Life Support (BLS)

 An emergency procedure that consists of recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest or both and the proper application of
CPR to maintain life until a victim recovers or advanced life support is available.
2.Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS)
 The use of special equipment to maintain breathing and circulation for the victim of a cardiac emergency.

3.Prolonged Life Support (PLS)

 For post resuscitative and long term resuscitation.
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
 Four Links
1.The First Link: EARLY ACCESS

 It is the event initiated after the patient’’s collapse until the arrival of Emergency Medical
Services personnel prepared to provide care.
2.The Second Link: EARLY CPR
It is most effective when started immediately after the victim’’s collapse. The probability of survival
approximately doubles when it is initiated before the arrival of EMS.
3.The Third Link: EARLY DEFIBRILLATION
 It is most likely to improve survival. It is the key intervention to increase the chances of survival of patients
wiith “out-of-hospital” cardiac arrest.
4.The Fourth Link: EARLY ACLS
HUMAN BODY
Anatomical Terms
9.Lateral (J)
1.Medial (I) 10.External (Q)
2.Prone Position (C) 11.Anterior (G)
12.Supine position (B)
3.Inferior (F)
13.Superficial (M)
4.Proximal (K)
14.Anatomical position (A)
5.Internal (O) 15.Deep (N)
6.Diistal (L)
7.Posterior (H)
8.Laterall recumbent position
(D)
9.Superior (E)
HUMAN BODY cont…
Body Systems
1. The Respiratory System
 It supply oxygen to the body, as well as removes carbon dioxide
from the body. The passage of air into and out of the lungs is
called respiration. Breathing in is called inspiration or inhaling.
Breathing out is called expiration or exhaling.
2. The Circulatory System
It delivers oxygen and nutrients to the body’’s
tissues and removes waste products. It consists
of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
3. The Nervous System
Itis composed of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. It has two
major functions – communication and control. It lets a person
be aware of and react to the environment. It coordinates the
body’’s responses to stimuli and keeps body systems working
together.
 Breathing and Circulation
Air that enters the lungs contains:
 – 21% O2
 – trace of CO2
Air exhaled from the lungs contains:
 – 16% O2
 – 4% CO2
•Clinical death (0 - 4 min. - brain damage not likely, 4 - 6 min. - damage probable).
• Biological death (6 - 10 miin. - brain damage
probable; over 10 min. - brain damage is certain).
PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT DISEASE
TRANSMISSION
 Body Substance Isolation
Are precautions taken to isolate or prevent risk of exposure from any other type of bodily substance.

 Basic Precautions and Practices

1. Personal Hygiene
2. Protective Equipment 3.Equipment Clleaning & Diisinfecting
 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

 Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases

1.Risk factors that cannot be changed (Non-modifiable) :

Heredity
Age
Gender
2.Risk factors that can be changed (Modifiable) :
Ciigarette smoking.
Hypertension
Elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Lack of exercises.
Obesity
Stress
Diiabetes mellitus .
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
1.Survey the Scene
Once you recognized that an emergency has occurred and decide to
act, you must make sure the scene of the emergency is safe for you, the
victim/s, and any bystander/s.

Elements of the Survey the Scene

Scene safety.
Mechanism of injury or nature of illness.


2. Activate Medical Assistance and Transfer Facility

In some emergency, you will have enough tiime to call for specifiic medical advice before
administering first aid. But in some situations, you will need to attend to the victim first.
 Phone First and Phone Fast
 Both trained and untrained bystanders should be instructed to Activate Medical
Assistance as soon as they have determined that an adult victim requires
emergency care “Phone First”. While for infant and children a “Phone Fast”
approach is recommended.
3.Do a Primary Survey of the Victim
In every emergency situation, you must first find out if there are
conditions that are an immediate threat to the victim’’s life.
1.Check for Consciousness
2.Check for Airway
3.Check for Breathing
4.Check for Circulation
4.Do a Secondary Survey of the Victim
It is a systematic method of gathering additional information about injuries or
conditions that may need care.

1.Interview the victim.

2.Check vital signs.

3.Perform head-to-toe examination.

RESPIRATORY ARREST
 Is the condition in which breathing stops or inadequate.

RESCUE BREATHING
Is a technique of breathing air into a person lungs to supply him or her with the oxygen needed to survive
WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS

 1. Mouth-to-Mouth
 2. Mouth- to-Nose
 3. Mouth-to-Mouth and Nose
 4. Mouth-to-Stoma
WAYS TO VENTILATE THE LUNGS

 5. Mouth-to- Face Shield

 6. Mouth-to- Mask
 7. Bag Mask Device
TWO TYPES OF OBSTRUCTION

1.Anatomical Obstruction
 It happens when the tongue drops back and obstruct the throat. Other causes are
acute asthma, croup, diphtheria, swelling, and cough (whooping).

2.Mechanical Obstruction
 When foreign objects lodge in the pharynx or airways; fluids accumulate in the back of the throat.
 CLASSIFICATION OF OBSTRUCTION

1.Partial obstruction with good air exchange.

 The victim is responsive and can cough forcefully, although frequently there is wheezing between coughs.

2.Partial obstruction with poor air exchange.

 The victim has a weak, ineffective cough, high-pitched noise while inhaling, increased respiratory difficulty,
and possibly cyanosis.

3.Complete or total obstruction.

 The victim is unable to speak, breathe, or cough and may clutch the neck with the thumb
and fingers. Movement of air is absent
HEIMLICH MANEUVER

Heimlich maneuver or abdominal thrusts is recommended for relieving foreign body

airway obstruction.
CARDIAC ARREST
Is the condition in which circulation ceases and vital organs are deprived of oxygen.

THREE CONDITONS OF
CARDIAC ARREST
1.Cardio Vascular Collapse
2.Ventricular Fibrillation
3.Cardiac Stand Still
CARDIOPULMONARY
RESUSCITATION (CPR)
This is a combination of chest compression and rescue breathing. This must be combined for
effective resuscitation of the victim of cardiac arrest.
WHEN TO S.T.O.P. CPR
1.SPONTANEOUS signs of circulation are restored.
2. TURNED over to medicall services or properly trained and authorized personnel.
3.OPERATOR is already exhausted and cannot continue CPR.

4.PHYSICIAN assumes responsibility (declares death, take over, etc.).

SEQUENCE IN PERFORMING CPR & RB

 Survey the Scene.

 “The Scene is Safe”.
 “Activate Medical Assistance & Transfer Facility”.
 Check Responsiveness,
 “Hey Mam/Sir are you OK? Victim Unresponsive”.
Open Airway (Head-Tilt-Chin Lift) Check Airway Check Breathing (Look, Listen & Feel) for 5 seconds.
 “Victim is Breathless”.
 Give 2 Initial Ventilatory Maneuver (2 breaths).
 Check for Signs of Circulation for at least 10 seconds.
 “Victim has no signs of Circulation I’ll perform CPR”.

 “Victim has inadequate/no breathing but with Signs of Circulation I’ll perform Rescue Breathing”.