PREPARED BY:

COLE S. GONZALES
VANESSA MAE R. JARALVE
HEIDI GAY R. VELASCO
BPED - 2
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion, students can:
 Enumerate the significant people and events
during the Spanish invasion.
 Explain the contributions and influences of the
Spaniards in the Spanish Period.
 Understand the importance of the history about
the Spanish invasion in the Philippines.
THE DISCOVERY OF THE PHILIPPINES

 Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese navigator

and explorer who arrived in the Philippines
to head a Spanish expedition searching for
the Spice Islands in 1521.
 He landed on the island of Cebu, claiming
the lands for Spain and naming them Islas
de San Lazaro.
 He set up friendly relations with some of the
local chieftains and converted some of them
to Roman Catholicism.
MAGELLAN INTRODUCED
CHRISTIANITY IN CEBU
 Magellan’s Cross is a
Christian cross planted by
Portuguese, and Spanish
explorers as ordered by
Ferdinand Magellan upon
arriving in Cebu in the
Philippines on April 14, 1521.
REASONS FOR COLONIZATION: THE
3Gs
GOD
The conversion of natives to Christianity
GOLD
Accumulation of gold or wealth
GLORY
Supremacy of Spain over Portugal as a
superpower
 THE CENTRAL GOVERMENT
There are only two branches of government under Spanish rule;
the executive and the judicial.
 Superior Decrees – orders from governor-general
 Royal Decrees – orders coming from the king of Spain
Governor-General
 President of Audencia, Vice Royal Patron in the Philippines
 Can appoint minor official in the government including the
parish priests
 Commander in chief of the armed forces
 THE AUDENCIA
 The Audencia was established in the Philippines in 1583 to
administer justice to the aggrieved people in the colony.
Governor Santiago de Vera – first president of Audencia
 The highest court as civil and criminal cases were concerned
even political, and administrative matters.
1589 – Audencia was abolished by the King of Spain
because of the opposition of some
powerful person in colonial.
1595 – King of Spain re-establish the Audencia.
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT
 Provincial Government – under by the central government which were
a ready recognizing the authority of Spain.
 Alcalde mayor – govern provincial government and appointed by the
governor-general.
Indulto de comercio – a right given to alcalde mayor to engage in
trade, what made him rich and powerful but it was abolished in year
1844.
 Municipal government – under provincial government and compose of
several barrios.
 Gobernadorcilio – called as capital municipal or simply capitan.
 Spanish-fria-curate – are the one who approve the selected
gobernadorcilio
PROPAGATING THE CATHOLIC
FAITH
 1565 – first Augustinians came in 1565 and many
Filipinos converted from animist religion to the Catholic
faith.
 1577 – Franciscan missionaries arrived as they spread
Catholicism.
 1581 – Jesuits came and spread Catholicism
 1587 – Dominican came and spread Catholic faith
 1606 – Recollect missionaries came and propagated the
faith.
The union of
church and
state
The Union of Church and State before the Spain,
the King introduced it in the Philippine by appointing
the representatives in the colony, were also the faith
defender.

Church Officials – who become a governors-general.

1.Archbp. Francisco de la Cuesta (1719-1721)
2.Bp. Juan Arrechederra (1745-1750)
3.Bp. Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta (1759-1761)
4.Archbp. Manuel Rojo (1761-1762)
 THE CHURCH ORGANIZATION

In order to administer efficiently, the Catholic Church

was divided into districts.

Districts- represented geographic regions that had

different dialects and languages
.
Parishes- represented villages

Missions- represented areas and regions that were

not yet conquered to Catholicism.
 The CHURCH
ORGANIZATION
 THE CHURCH ORGANIZATION

In 1578 – Manila became a diocese ( district under the

pastoral care of a bishop in the Christian Church.)

Father Domingo de Salazar

First bishop of Manila
 THE RESIDENCIA AND VISTA

The Residencia and the Vista. an
investigation done regarding the conduct of
the retiring high official. Conducted secretly
by the visitador-general. Objectives are to
ensure faithful and efficient service on the
part of the government authorities
 THE PLAZA COMPLEX

The plaza complex consisted of an open space, usually

rectangular or square in shape, a chapel or church, a convent,
a municipio or tribunal, a market place, a cemetery, and the
residences around it.  

This physical set-up enabled the Spaniards to effectively

manage and control the natives and to bring them closer to
Catholicism.

It also served them well in terms of census-taking and

collecting of taxes from the natives, as well as conscripting
them to render forced labor.
 ECONOMIC CHANGES
In 1570 the encomienda was introduced in the
Philippines when Legaspi, in compliance with the decree
issued by King Philip II in 1558, distributed lands in Cebu
to loyal Spanish subjects. These men had helped conquer
the Philippines. The encomienda was not actually a land
grant but was a favor from the kind under which the
Spaniard receiving his favor was given the right to collect
tributes–or taxes–from the inhabitants of the area
assigned to him.
Encomendero- the man who received this favor
 Encomienda was a public office.
The encomenderos were required by law to
perform the following duties:

#1. to give protection to the natives

#2. to help the missionaries convert the natives
to Christianity
#3. to promote education

Encomienda was determined by the number of

people living and the value of the land on which
natives lived.
Abuses of many Spanish encomenderos committed,
such as:
a. Brutal treatment of the Filipinos
b. Collecting more tribute than that authorized
by law
c. Forcing the people to work for them
d. Seizure of the people’s animals and crops
without just compensation
There were three kinds of encomiendas:

1. Royal Encomiendas, belonging to the King

2. Ecclesiastical Encomiendas, belonging to

the Church

3.  Private Encomiendas, belonging to private

individuals
FORCE LABOR

Under Spaniards Government, Filipino are

required to render service in the State and
Church

Spanish Officials in the Philippines ordered

Filipino to work in construction of:

Churches, roads, bridges, ship, and in

industries of hauling and cutting timber.
 Polo y
servicio

condition set
in force labor
I. The Filipinos to be drafted for work must be paid for tier work.

II. The Filipino laborers should not be made to work in distant places.

III. The drafting of laborers should not coincide with the planting and
harvest season.

IV. Men who are physically incapable should not be overworked.

V. Force labor should be resorted to only in cases of absolute necessity.

VI. The number of laborers drafted should be diminished as soon as

laborers from other countries had volunteered to work.

 Some Filipinos are exempted from force labor ,they pay a fee called
falla.
The Tribute Taxes
Aside from the tribute, the Filipinos
Tribute: also paid other taxes.
was a form of recognition of the
Filipino’s loyalty to the king of DIEZMOS PREDIALES:
Spain. a tax which consisted of one tenth of
the produce of the land
Sanctorum: DONATIVO de ZAMBOANGA:
Small portion of tribute went to specifically used for the conquest of
the Church. Jolo.
VINTA:
tax paid by the people of some
Cedula personal : provinces along the coast of Western
present equivalent of the residence Luzon for the defense of the coasts
certificate class “A”. from Muslim pirates.
 Galleon trade
 Trade across the Pacific/Manila-Acapulco Trade
 The Galleon trade was so restrictive that the
prosperity of the Spaniards in Manila depended
solely on the success of the voyage to and from
Mexico.
 In 1811 –The last Galleon from manila sailed fro
Acapulco, Mexico, and the government’s monopoly
of the Galleon Trade came to an end.
 Not all could engage in the Galleon trade because
it was a government monopoly. Only privilege
persons, such as high-ranking officials of the state,
the Church, and the crew of the galleons, were
allowed to engage in trade.
 The Mexican Subsidy
 Annual subsidy/situado
subsidy sent by the Mexican government to prevent
the bankruptcy of the Philippines.

 This subsidy amounted to 250,000 pesos.

 TheMexican subsidy was finally stopped when Mexico

became Independent in 1821.
The Economic Society
  Governor Basco founded the ECONOMIC SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OFTHE COUNTRY in
1871 to effectively implement an economic policy in the colony. The Society was
divided into sections:
1. fractures and manufactures
2. industry and popular education
3. natural history
4. domestic and foreign commerce
5. agriculture and rural economy

 In 1784, the society was able to export indigo for the first time in Philippine history.
 In 1824, the society also founded the Academy of Drawing in Manila.
 In 1861, the society founded an agricultural school in Manila.
The Government Monopolies
 Governor Basco was also remembered for his role in establishing
government monopolies, the most important of which was the Tobacco
Monopoly.

 The cultivation of tobacco was prohibited except for the provinces

selected to grow it; Contraband sale of tobacco was forbidden; The
government had the exclusive right to purchase all tobacco products, to
inspect and classify the tobacco plant, and to prepare and manufacture
cigar and cigarettes . The government had the right to prohibit the
exportation or importation of tobacco by any agency not connected with
the government.

 While it was true that these monopolies gave the government a big
income, at the same time, they were a burden to the Filipinos.
 The Royal Company
 Gov.Basco’s administration was
also highlighted by the
establishment of the Royal
Company of the Philippines in
1785.
 The aims of the company were
to promote progress of the
Philippines by improvising the
foreign trade of the colony with
Spain and to develop the natural
resources of the Philippines by
encouraging industry,
manufacturing, and agriculture.
 Causes of the failure of the Company
This failure may be attributed to the following causes:
1.) The Spanish merchants in the Phil, who had been accustomed to the
profitable galleon trade, did not cooperate wholeheartedly with the
Company.
2.) The Company was not able to establish direct commercial contact with
Japan, China and India, so it had to buy commodities from these countries
through the Manila merchants, resulting in paying higher prices for those
commodities than in the countries where they came from.
3.) The Company was not well-managed because its officials spent their time
in activities that were not connected with the promotion of the welfare of the
Company.
4.) Foreign vessels, instead of the Company’s vessels, brought to Manila such
items as groceries, canned goods, wine, and other European products. As a
result of the failure of the company to implement its program for the
Philippines, it was abolished in 1834.
 Economic Development
AN OVERVIEW
The first one hundred and fifty years of Spanish rule was characterized by
a slow economic development. Population decreased and uprising and
revolts became problems to the colonial government.

Factors accounted for the slow development of the Philippine

Economy
First: Most Spanish officials were lazy, incompetent, and inefficient.
Second: There were frequent quarrels among the Spaniards themselves.

Incompetence was paramount among Spanish officials. It was seldom that

one of them cared for the welfare of the Filipinos. For these officials and
employees, the Filipinos were there to be exploited. Thus even the Spanish
writer. Tomas de Comyn, said in 1810
 REFERENCES
https://www.slideshare.net/chelseabasaca/philippine-history-
spanish-era
https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines/The-Spanish-period
https://spanishcolonization.wordpress.com/topics/encomienda-
system-2/
https://www.thenewstoday.info/2008/10/24/the.plaza.as.a.historical
.and.cultural.space.html