Linear & Quadratic

Functions
PPT 2.1.1
 What is a function?
In order for a relation to be a function, for
every input value, there can only be one
output value.

To test to see if the relation is a function,

we perform the vertical line test.
 Vertical Line Test
10

If a vertical line were to go 8

through a graph, would it cross 6

through the graph more than 2

once at any spot? -10 -8 -6 -4 -2

-2
2 4 6 8 10

-4
-6
Click your mouse and watch -8

the vertical line go through the -10

linear graph and then do it

again to go through the
parabola. 10

Since the vertical line only

4

crosses each graph once, -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10

each one is considered to be a -2

-4

function. Every input value (x) -6

has only one output value (y). -8

-10

Thinking??? How would you change the graphs so that they were not functions?
 Not a Function
10
8
6
4
2

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10

The graph above is clearly not a function since

the vertical line crosses the graph more than
once.
Every input value (x) has two output values (y)
except for one. Which one?
 Linear Functions
Recall from your previous math classes that linear
functions can be written in the following way:
y = mx + b
where m is the slope of the line and b is the y-intercept
of the line
If m is positive, the line climbs from left to right.
The leading coefficient is

If m is negative, the line falls fromthetermleft to right.

coefficient of the first
in a polynomial in
descending order by
degree (value of
exponents).

The value of m, would be considered the leading

coefficient of a linear function.
 Domain and Range
Domain: is the set of x-values (or input
values) that exist within the graph or the
equation of a function.

Range: is the set of y-values (or output

values) that exist within the graph or the
equation of a function.
 Domain and Range of
Quadratic Functions
10
8
Let’s consider the domain. Since our graph is not
6
4
restricted (we could see very large positive and
2 negative numbers and everything in between), the
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
domain is:
-2 All real numbers or {x| x Є R}.
-4
-6
The value of y, however, is restricted. The y-values
-8
will not get lower than -5.
-10

Since our y-values are restricted, the range is:

All real numbers greater than and including -5 or {y| y≥-5, y Є R}.

Describe the parabola that has domain {x| x Є R} and range {y| y10, y Є R}.
 X - Intercepts
The x-intercept is 4.

10 10

8 8
6 6

4 4
2 2

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
-2 -2

-4 -4
-6 -6

-8 -8
-10 -10

The x-intercepts are 3 and -3.

An x-intercept is the x-value where the graph

crosses the x-axis.