Unit 5.

3 : VOLTAGE REGULATOR

BY
FA’IZAH BINTI YA’ACOB
JKE PSA
Voltage Regulator
The end of this topic, student will be able
to :
 Know differences between types of
regulator
 Describe the functional of voltage
regulator
 Know configuration pin out of voltage
regulators
 VOLTAGE REGULATOR

INTRODUCTION
• also called a ‘regulator’ with only three
terminals appears to be a simple device, but
it is in fact a very complex integrated circuit.

• It converts a varying input voltage into a

constant ‘regulated’ output voltage.
• Voltage regulators produce fixed DC output
voltage from variable DC

• Voltage regulators are available in a variety

of outputs like 5V, 6V, 9V, 12V and 15V.
 Voltage Regulator
• There are two types of voltage
regulators
1. fixed voltage regulators(78xx,79xx)
2. variable voltage regulators(LM723)
 VOLTAGE REGULATOR

• The "78xx" series (7805, 7812, etc.) regulate

positive voltages
• The "79xx" series (7905, 7912, etc.) regulate
negative voltages.
• Often, the last two digits of the device
number are the output voltage; e.g., a 7805
is a +5 V regulator, while a 7915 is a -15 V
regulator.
• There are variants on the 78xx series ICs,
such as 78L and 78S, some of which can
supply up to 1.5 Amps
VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM78XX)

• The LM78XX series of voltage regulators

• are designed for positive input.
• IC-7805 is a 5v power regulator
that restricts the voltage output to 5 v .
It comes with provision to add heat sink
• The maximum value for input to the
power regulator is 35 v.
VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM78XX)

• 78xx ICs have three terminals and are

commonly found in the TO220 form factor,
• Although smaller surface-mount and larger
TO3 packages are available.
• These devices support an input voltage
anywhere from a couple of volts over the
intended output voltage, up to a maximum of
35 or 40 volts, and typically provide 1 or 1.5
amps of current
TO-220
• The TO-220 is a style of electronic
component package, commonly used
for transistors,
silicon-controlled rectifiers, and
integrated circuits. The "TO"
designation stands for "transistor
outline
TO3
• TO-3, or "metal can", is a package type
commonly used for very large
transistors, silicon-controlled rectifiers,
and, occasionally, integrated circuits.
IC LM7805 Power Regulator
• Fig. 1 shows the pin configuration of a
5V 7805 regulator.
• The main available 78xx are
7805,7809,7812,7815,7824
IC LM7805 Power Regulator

•The schematic given

below shows how to use
an IC-7805. There are 3
pins in IC-7805 ,pin 1
takes the input voltage
and pin 3 produces the
output voltage. The GND
of both input and out are
given to pin 2.
VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM79XX)

• For applications requiring negative

input, the LM79XX series is used
• XX indicates the fixed output voltage
which is negative regulated output
voltage
• The main available 79xx are
7905,7906,7908,7912,7915,7924
VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM79XX)

• Fig. 2 shows the pin configuration of a

5V 7805 regulator.
VOLTAGE REGULATOR (LM79XX)

• The schematic
given below shows
how to use an IC-
79xx. There are 3
pins in IC-79xx ,pin
2 takes the input
voltage and pin 3
produces the output
voltage. The GND of
both input and out
are given to pin 1.
Dual tracking regulator

• Fig 3 shows a dual tracking regulator

using types of 78xx and 79xx.
• Type 7805 provides +5V and type 7905
provides -5V
Variable Voltage Regulator (LM723)

• Figure shows the basic circuit of

an IC 723 voltage regulator.
• This IC has a voltage reference
source, an error amplifier, a
series pass transistor, and a
current limiting tran­sistor all
contained in one small package.
• The device can be connected to
operate as a positive or negative
voltage regulator with an output
voltage ranging from 2 V to 37 V,
and output current levels upto
150 m A.
• The maximum supply voltage is
40 V, and the line and load
regulations are each specified as
0.01%.
Variable Voltage Regulator (LM723)
• Figure shows an IC 723 connected to operate as a
positive voltage regulator.
• The output voltage can be set to any value between
approximately 7 V (reference voltage) and 37 V by
appropriate selection of resistors R1 and R2. A
potentiometer may be included between R1 and R2,
of course, to make the voltage adjustable.
• An external transistor may be Darlington connected
to Q1 (as shown in earlier post) to handle large load
current. The broken lines in the figure shows
connections for simple (non-foldback) current
limiting. (Foldback current limiting can also be used
with IC 723).
Variable Voltage Regulator (LM723)
• A regulator output voltage less than the 7 V
reference level can be obtained by using a
voltage divider across the reference source
[terminals 6 and 7 in earlier figure]. The
potentially divided reference voltage is then
connected to terminal 5.
• It is important to note that the supply
voltage, at the lowest point on the ripple
waveform, should be at least 3 V greater than
the output of the regulator and greater than
VREF; otherwise a high-amplitude output
ripple may occur.
Variable Voltage Regulator (LM723)
Conclusion :

• Voltage regulator can divide by two

types ; fixed and variable
• 78xx series voltage regulated is fixed
output + ve voltage
• 79xx series voltage regulated is fixed
output – ve voltage
• Dual tracking voltage are combination
of two 78xx and 79xx.