Stress monitoring

system based on
BRAIN EEG signal
Abstract
• Stress is inevitably experienced by almost every person at some stage of their life. A
reliable and accurate measurement of stress can give an estimate of an individual's
stress burden. It is necessary to take essential steps to relieve the burden and regain
control for better health. The project investigates alternative material compositions
for flexible saline based dry electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes to improve the
performance lifespan while maintaining high-fidelity transmission of EEG signals. The
materials were fabricated to acquire EEG signal from frontal lobe region of brain to
analyze stress level of individual.
Introduction
• Stress contributes to sustained feeling of low-energy and depression. Stress causes
inefficiency during routine work which makes it a social cause. Chronic stress can
negatively affect people causing anxiety and bipolar disorders. Mental stress can
also take a toll on our physical health. Conventional counselling demands an
individual to be willing to express himself frankly and many who need counselling
may not consider it. In this set of circumstances, the study of brain activity and
state of brain is essential which is provided using Electroencephalogram(EEG)
signals. Conventional counselling demands an individual to be
willing to express himself frankly and many who need counselling
may not consider it. In this set of circumstances, the study of brain
activity and state of brain is essential which is provided using
electroencephalogram(EEG) signals.
Literature Survey
• R. Xiao, J. S. Tokeshi, D. L. Vanderbilt, and B. A. Smith, “Electroencephalography
power and coherence changes with age and motor skill development across the
first half year of life,” PLoS One, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2018.
Existing research in infants has correlated electroencephalography (EEG) measures
of power and coherence to cognitive development and to locomotor experience,
but only in infants older than 5 months of age. Our goal was to explore the
relationship between EEG measures of power and coherence and motor skill
development in younger infants who are developing reaching skill.
• Yuyi, Zhaoyun, L. Surui, S. Lijuan, L. Zhenxin, and D. Bingchao, “Motor imagery EEG
discrimination using Hilbert-Huang entropy,” Biomedical Research, vol. 28, no. 2,
pp. 727-733, 2017.
The selection of the optimal feature of EEG signals is important for the
discrimination of mental tasks in brain-computer interface (BCI) research. This
research presents a new technique for feature extraction of EEG signals sampled
from subject executing left and right hand motor imagery (MI) using Hilbert- Huang
Entropy (HHE). In our method, the raw signal is analysed with an elliptical band-pass
filter and Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT).
• R. P. Balandong, R. F. Ahmad, M. N. Mohamad Saad and A. S. Malik,
“A Review on EEG-Based Automatic Sleepiness Detection Systems
for Driver,” IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 22908-22919, 2018.
Electroencephalography-based sleepiness detection system (ESDS) is a brain-
computer interface that evaluates a driver’s sleepiness level directly from
cerebral activity. The goals of ESDS research are to estimate and produce a timely
warning to prevent declines in performance efficiency and to inhibit sleepiness-
related accidents. We first, review different types of measures used in sleepiness
detection systems (SDSs) and presents their advantages and drawbacks. Second,
the review includes several techniques proposed in ESDSs to optimize the
number of EEG electrodes, increasing the sleepiness level resolution and
incorporation of circadian information. Finally, the review discusses future
direction that can be considered in the development of ESDS
• F. Khanam, M. A. Rahman, and M. Ahmad, “Evaluating alpha relative power of
EEG signal during psychophysiological activities in salat,” International
Conference on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICISET), 27-
28, 2018, Bangladesh, pp. 1-06.
To investigate human brain activities regarding EEG signal during
psychophysiological activities in Salat (Muslim Prayer), several facts have been
analyzed in this study. This research work investigated relaxed condition with eyes
open and eyes closed and compared with 2 raqat (a single unit of Muslim prayer)
Salat. Consequently, we have proposed that Salat provides a more relaxed state
of mind than that of relaxing with either eye opened or closed.
• M. M. Rashid and M. Ahmad, “Epileptic seizure classification using statistical
features of EEG signal”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical,
Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE 2017), CUET, 16-18 February
2017.
Epilepsy detection is enough time consuming and requires thorough observation to
determine epilepsy type and locate the responsible area of the cerebral cortex. This
paper proposes an effortless epilepsy classification method for straightforward
epilepsy detection and investigates the classification accuracy of multiclass EEG
signal during epilepsy. To accomplish our research work we exploit DWT MATLAB
toolbox to obtain responsible features to accumulate feature vectors. Afterwards
feature vectors are given in the input layer of the NN classifiers to differentiate
normal, interictal and ictal EEG periods. Accuracy rate is calculated based on the
confusion matrix.
Existing system

• Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) which is an optical brain imaging

technique, based on transmitting NIR light noninvasively from the scalp, and

measuring the receiving light passed through the cortex and reflected from the

brain. Rigorous experimental studies on human participants were conducted to

test reliability, signal-to-noise ratio, and configurability of FNIRS.

Proposed system

• The brain functioning varies due to factors such as stress, mental

load, sleepiness, fatigue etc. We propose a stress monitoring system
based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals enabling individual
focused computational approach to produce result of whether a
particular individual is stressed or not. The key features extract from
EEG signal by fractional dilation wavelet transform.
Block diagram

Fractional spline
EEG Signal Pre-processing Segmentation
wavelet transform

Stress Feature
Feature extraction
identification classification
EEG Signal
• The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a recording of the electrical activity of the brain
from the scalp. The recorded waveforms reflect the cortical electrical
activity. Signal intensity: EEG activity is quite small, measured in microvolts (mV).
• The following figure represents an example of EEG signal
Signal Preprocessing
• Signal preprocessing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on
analysing, modifying and synthesizing signals such as sound, images and
biological measurements.[1] Signal processing techniques can be used to improve
transmission, storage efficiency and subjective quality and to also emphasize or
detect components of interest in a measured signal.
• The objective of the signal preprocessing in EEG is to eliminate or to attenuate
the noise in order to obtain a free-artifacts EEG signal to extract reliable features.
Segmentation
• The record of human brain neural activities, namely electroencephalogram (EEG),
is known to be nonstationary in general. . In addition, the human head is a non-
linear medium for such signals. In many applications.
• Nonstationarity of the signals can be quantified by measuring some statistics of
the signals, such as mean and variance, at different time lags.
• The signals can be deemed stationary if there is no considerable variation in such
statistics. In general, the signals are stationary if their distributions do not vary
with time. .
• Often it is necessary to label the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals by segments
of similar characteristics that are particularly meaningful to clinicians and for
evaluation by neurophysiologists. Within each segment, the signals are considered
statistically stationary, usually with similar time or frequency distributions,
Fractional Spline Wavelet
Transform
• The fractional splines are an extension of the polynomial splines for
all fractional degrees α > -1. Their basic constituents are piecewise
power functions of degree α. One constructs the corresponding B-
splines through a localization process similar to the classical one,
replacing finite differences by fractional differences (c.f definitions).
The fractional B-splines share virtually all the properties of the
classical B-splines, including the two-scale relation, and can therefore
be used to define new wavelet bases with a continuously-varying
order parameter. They only lack positivity and compact support.
Feature Extraction
• Technically, a feature represents a distinguishing property, a recognizable
measurement, and a functional component obtained from a section of a
pattern. Extracted features are meant to minimize the loss of important
information embedded in the signal. In addition, they also simplify the
amount of resources needed to describe a huge set of data accurately. This
is necessary to minimize the complexity of implementation, to reduce the
cost of information processing, and to cancel the potential need to
compress the information. More recently, a variety of methods have been
widely used to extract the features from EEG signals, among these methods
are time frequency distributions (TFD), fast fourier transform (FFT),
eigenvector methods (EM), wavelet transform (WT), and auto regressive
method (ARM), and so on.
References
• R. Xiao, J. S. Tokeshi, D. L. Vanderbilt, and B. A. Smith, “Electroencephalography
power and coherence changes with age and motor skill development across the first
half year of life,” PLoS One, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2018.
• Yuyi, Zhaoyun, L. Surui, S. Lijuan, L. Zhenxin, and D. Bingchao, “Motor imagery EEG
discrimination using Hilbert-Huang entropy,” Biomedical Research, vol. 28, no. 2, pp.
727-733, 2017.
• R. P. Balandong, R. F. Ahmad, M. N. Mohamad Saad and A. S. Malik, “A Review on
EEG-Based Automatic Sleepiness Detection Systems for Driver,” IEEE Access, vol. 6,
pp. 22908-22919, 2018.
• F. Khanam, M. A. Rahman, and M. Ahmad, “Evaluating alpha relative power of EEG
signal during psychophysiological activities in salat,” International Conference on
Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICISET), 27-28, 2018,
Bangladesh, pp. 1-06.
• M. M. Rashid and M. Ahmad, “Epileptic seizure classification using statistical features
of EEG signal”, Proceedings of the International Conference on Electrical, Computer
and Communication Engineering (ECCE 2017), CUET, 16-18 February 2017.