by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 “
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF
PHILIPPINE
DEMOCRATIC
POLITICS
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 THE
PRE-
SPANIS
H
GOVER
NMENT by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 8

Philippines is composed of settlements or

villages called “barangay” named after
“balangay” a Malayan word w/c means
“boat”. Every barangay was virtually a
state.
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
DATU – ruler or chief of 9
barangay. In some places are
called rajah, sultan or hadji.
The Datu exercises all
executive, legislative,
chief judge, and head of
military. Datu is usually
assisted by the council of
elders or Maginoos.
Barangay is monarchy in
form. by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 10
The nobility (maharlika) – where
datu belong
4 SOCIAL The freemen (timawa) – middle
CLASSES class, these are the taxpayers
IN THE The Serfs (aliping namamahay)
BARANGAY – has the family of his own and
serves the datu or his master on
the day that they agreed
The slaves (aliping sagigilid) –
has no property at all, and has to
seek permission to his/her master
if he/she wants to marry. Their
master has the right to sell them.
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE
PEREZ
 Laws were either customary (handed down 11

from generation to generation) or written

(promulgated from time to time as
necessity arose). There are laws for various
THE EARLY subjects such as:
LAWS  Inheritance
 Property rights
 Divorce
 Usury
 Family Relations
 Adultery
Those guilty of crimes were punished either
by fine or by death by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE
PEREZ
 To determine the innocence of an accused, he 12
is made to go through a number of ordeals
which he must pass.
TRIAL Example:
BY  Dipping one’s hand in boiling water
ORDEAL  Holding a lighted candle that must not be
extinguished
 Plunging and staying underwater as long
as possible
 Chewing an uncooked rice and spitting
 Bultong (wrestling) or alaw (duel) among
Ifugaos
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE
PEREZ
 THE
SPANIS
H
PERIOD
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE
PEREZ
 “
14

PHILIPPINES DURING
SPANISH PERIOD: ITS
GOVERNMENT AND
RULER

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE

PEREZ
 15

The Spain’s title to the Philippines was

based on the discovery of Magellan in
1521. In 1519, he sailed for search for new
territories with 5 ships: Trinidad (main
ship), San Antonio, Concepcion,
Santiago, Victoria. His expedition was
followed by
 Juan Garcia Jofre de Loaisa (1525)
 Juan Cabot (1526)
 Alvaro de Saavedra (1527)
 Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1543)
 Miguel Lopez de Legaspi (1564) Antonio Pigafetta

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 16

Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1543) – he

named the islands of the Philippines in
honor of the son of King Charles I, Prince
Philip II

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi (1564) - established

the permanent Spanish port in the Philippines. In
June 3, 1571, Legazpi became the first governor-
general of the country. Manila became the capital
city of the Spanish East Indies, and the second
city established by Spain.
Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad de Espana
– title given to Manila

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 17
KING OF SPAIN

VISITA & MINISTRY OF

RESIDENCIA COLONIES

GOVERNOR- REAL
GENERAL AUDENCIA

ALCALDE
CORREGIDORIES AYUNTAMENTO
MAYOR

GOBERNORCILLO

CABEZA DE
BARANGAY

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 “
18

PHILIPPINES
REVOLUTIONARY ERA:
GOVERNMENT AND THE
REPUBLICS

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE

PEREZ
 THE KATIPUNAN GOVERNMENT 19

Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK)

From August 24, 1896, the Katipunan

became the First Filipino Government
also known as Tagalog Republic. It was
formed by Andres Bonifacio to awaken the
nationalism and free the Filipino people
from Spanish oppression and friar
despotism. It was a secret society that
precipitated our glorious revolution. The
Political objective (separation of
Philippines from Spain), Moral objective
(teaching of good manners and
morals), and Civic objective
(developing a sense of self-help and
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 20

THE KATIPUNAN GOVERNMENT

Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK)
KATAAS-TAASANG SANGGUNIANG
SANGGUNIAN PANGHUKUMAN

SANGGUNIANG BAYAN

SANGGUNIANG BALANGAY

Kartilla - the bible of the Katipunan. In 1893 KKK started

accepting women applicants. The Katipunan was replaced by
another government whose officials headed by Gen. Emilio
Aguinaldo as President, were elected in the Tejeros Convention
held on March 22, 1897.
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 21

THE BIAK NA BATO REPUBLIC

On November 1, 1897, a republic was
established by Gen. Aguinaldo in Biak-
na-Bato (now San Miguel de Mayumo,
Bulacan). It had a constitution which
was to take effect for two years only. It
declared that the aim of the revolutions
was the “separation of the
Philippines from the Spanish
monarchy and their formation into
an independence state.” The Biak-
na-Bato Republic lasted up to
December 15, 1897, with conclusion of
the “Pact of Biak-na-Bato.” by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 22

THE DICTATORIAL GOVERNMENT

Following the outbreak of the
Spanish-American war on April
25, 1898, Gen. Aguinaldo in
view of the chaotic conditions in
the country, established the
Dictatorial Government on May
24, 1898. The most important
achievements of the Dictatorial
Government were the
Proclamation of the
Philippine Independence at
Kawit on June 12, 1898 and
the reorganization ofJOY local
by KRISTINE PEREYE PEREZ
 THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT23

In the administration of the Philippines,

the Governor-General was assisted by
many boards and officers, particularly the
Board of Authorities and the Council of
Administration. On June 23, 1898, Gen.
Aguinaldo established the Revolutionary
Government replacing the Dictatorial
Government.
The decree-making such change stated that the aims of the new
government were “struggle for the independence of the Philippines,
until all nations including Spain will expressly recognize it,” and “to
prepare the country for the establishment of a real Republic.”

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 THE
AMERIC
AN
PERIOD
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE
PEREZ
 “
25

PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT
DURING AMERICAN
OCCUPATION
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE
PEREZ
 26

THE MILITARY GOVERNMENT

The American military rule in the Philippines began on April
4, 1898, the day after the capture of Manila. The existence
of was gave the President of the United States the power to
establish a Military Government in the Philippines, as
Commander-in-Chief of all Armed Forces of the United
States. His authority was delegated to the military governor
who exercised as long as the war lasted, all powers of
government – executive, legislative and judicial. The first
American Military Governor was General Wesley Merritt, the
second was General Elwell E. Otis, and the third and last was
Major General Arthur MacArthur.
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ
 27

THE CIVIL GOVERNMENT

Pursuant to the so-called Spooner Amendment (on the army
appropriation act passed in the US Congress on March 3,
1901) which ended the military regime in the Philippines,
the Civil Government was inaugurated in Manila on July 4,
1901. The Civil Governor whose positions was created on
October 29, 1901. The Civil Governor, also exercised
legislative powers. He remained as President of the
Philippine Commission, the sole law-making body of the
government from 1901 to 1907.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 28

THE CIVIL GOVERNMENT

From 1907 to 1916, the Philippine Commission acted as the
upper house of the legislative branch with the Philippine
Assembly serving as the lower house. With the passage of
the Spooner Law in 1916, these two bodies gave way to the
Philippine Legislature. The Philippines was represented in
the United States by two Resident Commissioners who were
elected the Philippine Legislature.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 29

THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT

The next stage in the political development of the Filipinos
was the establishment of the Commonwealth Government of
the Philippines pursuant to an act of the United States
Congress on March 24, 1934, commonly known was the
Tydings-McDuffie Law. Among other things, the law provided
for a transition period of ten years during which the
Philippines Commonwealth would operate and at the
expiration of said period on July 4, 1896, the independence
of the Philippines would be proclaimed and established.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 30

THE COMMONWEALTH GOVERNMENT

The new government of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines, deemed successor to the Government of the
Philippine Islands, was inaugurated on November 15, 1935,
following the first national election under the 1935
Constitution held on September 12, 1935, with Manuel L.
Quezon and Sergio Osmeña, as President and Vice-
President, respectively.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 THE
JAPANE
SE
PERIOD
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE
PEREZ
 “
32

PHILIPPINE
GOVERNMENT
DURING JAPANESE
OCCUPATION
by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE
PEREZ
 33
THE JAPANESE MILITARY GOVERNMENT
The new government of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines, deemed successor to the Government of the
Philippine Islands, was inaugurated on November 15, 1935,
following the first national election under the 1935
Constitution held on September 12, 1935, with Manuel L.
Quezon and Sergio Osmeña, as President and Vice-
President, respectively.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 34
THE PHILIPPINE EXECUTIVE COMMISSION
A Civil government known as the Philippine Executive
Commission composed of Filipinos with Jorge B. Vargas as
Chairman, was organized by the military forces of
occupation. The commission exercised both the executive
and legislative powers. The laws enacted were, however,
subject to the approval of the Commander-in-Chief of the
Japanese Forces. The Judiciary continued in the same form
as it was under the Commonwealth. However, it functioned
without the independence which it had traditionally enjoyed.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 35
JAPANESE-SPONSORED REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

On October 14, 1943, the so-called Japanese sponsored

Republic of the Philippines was inaugurated with Jose P.
Laurel as President. It was the same character as the
Philippine Executive Commission. Like the latter, the
ultimate source of its authority was the Japanese military
authority and government, on August 17, 1945. President
Laurel proclaimed the dissolution of the Republic.

by KRISTINE JOY PEREYE PEREZ

 36

EVENTS
MANAGEMENT
SERVICES NCIII
Qualification
Overview