INFORMATION SYSTEM

An information system (IS) is an organized system for the collection,

organization, storage and communication of information. More specifically, it is
the study of complementary networks that people and organizations use to collect,
filter, process, create and distribute data. Further, "[an information system (IS) is
a group of components that interact to produce information. It focuses on the
internal rather than the external." Information system can also be described as a
combination of hardware, software, data, business process and functions which
can be used to increase efficiency and management of an
organization. Information Systems is the expression used to describe an
Automated System (which may be referred to as a Computerized Information
System), be it manual, which covers people, machines or organized methods to
collect, process, transmit and disseminate data representing information for the
user or client
A combination of
Hardware
Software
Infrastructure and
Trained
personnel
organized to facilitate
Planning
Control
Coordination and
Decision Making
in an organization.
 Executive Support System (ESS)
 Management Information System (MIS)
 Decision Support System (DSS)
 Knowledge Management System (KMS)
 Transaction Processing System (TPS)
 Office Automation System (OAS)
An Executive Support System ("ESS") is
designed to help senior management make
strategic decisions.
A management information
system (“MIS”) is mainly concerned
sourceswith
of inform
internal
ation and summarizes
it into a series of management reports.
Decision-support systems ("DSS") are
specifically designed to help management
make decisions in situations where there is
uncertainty about the possible outcomes of
those decisions.
Knowledge Management Systems ("KMS")
exist to help businesses create and
share information.
Transaction Processing Systems ("TPS") are
designed to process routine transactions
efficiently and accurately.
Office Automation Systems are systems that
try to improve the productivity of employee
who need to process data and information.
Basically there are 5 components available.
 Hardware
 Software
 Data
 Procedures
 People
The term hardware refers to machinery.
This category includes the
computer itself, which is often
referred to as th e central
processing unit (CPU), and all of
its support equipments.
The term software refers to computer
programs and the manuals (if any) that
support them.
Data are facts that are used by programs to
produce useful information.
Procedures are the policies that govern
the operation of a computer system.
People mean the end user of the Systems.
Every CBIS (Com puter Based Information
System) needs people if it is to be useful.
Four stage model of Information Systems Planning

IS planning activity                                                   Description

Strategic Planning                                 Matches the overall organizational plan with the IS plan.

Information Requirement Analysis   Identifying broad, organizational information requirements.

Resource allocation                               Allocating resources for IS development and operation.

Project planning                                     Formulating a plan giving resource requirements for

specific IS projects and schedules.
Steps for Information Systems Planning

Strategic Planning:
In this planning stage, objectives, goals and strategies are compared with the
objectives, goals and strategies of the organisation. The following techniques are used:
i)    Derivation from the organsiational plan
ii)   The strategic information system grid
iii)  Strategic fit with organsiational culture
iv)   Strategy set transformation

Information Requirements Analysis:

 
This stage deals with the current and future needs for IS to support decision-making
and operations of the organisation. To undertake information requirement analysis, the
following steps are followed
i)     Define underlying organisational requirements
ii)    Develop sub-system matrix
iii)   Define and evaluate information requirements for organisational sub-systems
Resource Allocation:
 
After identification of the need for information system applications for
entire organisation, the next phase is allocation of resources.
 
Project Planning:
 
The last stage of four-stage model of MIS planning is project planning
which provides an overall framework for system development
planning, scheduling and controlling. A wide variety of tools of project
management are available, which include milestones, critical path
method (CPM) and Gantt Charts.