Logic

Converse
Contrapositive
Inverse
NEW CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

Conditional Statement : p⟶q

Converse Statement : q⟶p

Contrapositive Statement : ~ q ⟶
~p
Inverse Statement : ~p⟶~
q
Example 1
Consider the statement “If 3 is not an even integer, then the square
root of 4 is even.”
Let p : Three is not an even integer.
q : The square root of 4 is even.

Converse : q ⟶ p
If the square root of 4 is even, then 3 is not an even integer.

Contrapositive : ~ q ⟶ ~ p
If the square root of 4 is not even, then 3 is an even integer.

Inverse : ~ p ⟶ ~ q
If 3 is an even integer, then the square root of 4 is not even.
Example 2
Consider the statement “If ABCD is a square, then ABCD is a
rectangle.”
Let p :
q :

Converse : q ⟶ p
If __________________________, then ____________________.

Contrapositive : ~ q ⟶ ~ p
If __________________________, then ____________________.

Inverse : ~ p ⟶ ~ q
If __________________________, then ____________________.
Example 3

Consider the statement “If the decimal expansion of r is terminating,

then r is rational.”
Let p :
q :
Converse : q ⟶ p
If __________________________, then ____________________.

Contrapositive : ~ q ⟶ ~ p
If __________________________, then ____________________.

Inverse : ~ p ⟶ ~ q
If __________________________, then ____________________.
Example 4
Consider the statement “If a number is divisible by 9, then the number
is divisible by 3”
Let p :
q :
Converse : q ⟶ p
If __________________________, then ____________________.

Contrapositive : ~ q ⟶ ~ p
If __________________________, then ____________________.

Inverse : ~ p ⟶ ~ q
If __________________________, then ____________________.
EXERCISE 1
Write the converse, contrapositive and inverse of the following
statements. (3 points each)

1. If my computer program has no syntax errors, then it

will run.
2. If today is Thursday, then I will attend my accounting
class.
3. If it rains, then I will not attend my classes.
4. If it is hot outside, then you will buy an ice cream.
5. If you read the newspaper everyday, then you will be
informed.
EXERCISE 2
Use truth tables to establish which of the following
propositional forms are TAUTOLOGIES, CONTRADICTIONS, OR
CONTINGENCIES.
TAUTOLOGY
A compound proposition which is
1. (p ∧ q) v [~ p v (p ∧ ~ always TRUE for all possible values of
q)] its propositional variables
2. (p ∧ ~ q) ∧ (p v q)
CONTRADICTION
3. (~ p v q) v (p v ~ q)
A propositional form which is always
4. (p ∧ ~ p) ⟶ q FALSE for all possible values of its
5. [p ∧ (p ⟶ q)] ⟶ q propositional variables
6. [(p ⟶ q) ∧ (q ⟶ r)] ⟶ (p
⟶ r) CONTINGENCY - a propositional form
7.{⁓[(p v q) ⟶ r] ∧ ⁓ q} ⟶(p which is neither a TAUTOLOGY nor a
∧ ~ r)] CONTRADICTION