THE WORLD WIDE WEB

Architectural Overview

• Web consists of a vast ,worldwide collection of content

in the form of Web pages.
• The idea of one page point to another called
Hypertext.
• Pages are generally viewed with a program called
Browser.
• A piece of icon , text , image and so on associated with
another page is called a Hyperlink.
Architecture Of The WEB
Three questions had to be answered before a selected page could be
displayed:
1.What is the page called?
2.Where is the page located?
3.How can the page be accessed?
URL : UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR
Example ,the URL
http://.cs,washinton.edu/index.html
It consists of 3 parts: the protocol(http),the DNS name of the host (
www.cs.washinton.edu) , and the Path name(index.html)

Steps that occur when link is selected:

1.Browser determines the URL
2.Browser asks DNS for the IP address of the server
3.DNS replies
4.The browser makes a TCP connection
5.Sends HTTP request for the page
6.Server sends the page as HTTP response
7.Browser fetches other URLs as needed
8.The browser displays the page
9.The TCP connections are released
Some Common URL Schemes
The Server Side
Steps server performs in main loop
1.Accept a TCP connection from client
2.Get path to page, name of file requested.
3.Get the file (from disk).
4.Send contents of the file to the client.
5.Release the TCP connection
• Web servers are implemented with a different design to serve many request per
second
• Problems:

 Disk reads are very slow compared to program execution

 Only one request is processed at a time,
the file is large the other requests will be blocked
• One obvious improvement is to maintain Cache in memory
Before going to disk to get a file ,the server checks the cache.
• Although effective caching requires a large amount of main memory and
extra processing time to check and manage its content
• To tackle the problem of serving request at a time , one strategy is to make
the server multithreaded

A multithreaded Web Server with a front end and processing modules

Cookies
• When a client request s a Web pages, the server can supply additional
information in the form of a cookie along with the requested page.

Static Web Pages

HTML – The HyperText Markup Language
• It allows the user to produce Web pages that include text ,
graphics,video, pointers to other Web pages and more
CSS – Cascading Style Sheets
• The original goal of HTML was to specify the structure of the document not its
appearance.
• CSS introduced style sheets to the Web with HTML
Dynamic Web Pages and Web Applications
• A dynamic page may present itself differently each time it is
displayed.
• For example, a page of the library catalog should reflect which
books are currently available and which books are checked
out and are thus not available.

Dynamic pages
THANK YOU