GEOLOGY

Also known as “geoscience” or “earth science”. It

deals with the earth’s physical structure and
substance, it’s history, and the processes that act
on it.
 BRANCHES OF GEOLOGY
• Main Subdivisions
• PHYSICAL GEOLOGY – study of the solid earth and the processes that change the
physical landscape of the planet.

- scientific discipline that is concerned with all aspects of the earth’s structure, composition,
physical properties, constituent rocks and minerals, and surficial features
• HISTORICAL GEOLOGY – study of
analyzing earth’s past by investigating
rocks and the information found in them.

• Physical geology deals with present-day

problems, like rock formation,
earthquakes, volcanoes, and pollution
issues. Historical geology looks at
preserved evidence of past geologic
events
• ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY – study of
the interaction between humans and the
geological environment.

- An applied science concerned with the

practical application of the principles of
geology in the solving of environmental
problems
 SPECIFIC BRANCHES OF GEOLOGY

• MINERALOGY - study of minerals • PETROLOGY - study of rocks

• STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY – study of • STRATIGRAPHY – Study of
structures found in rocks. It is stratified rocks and their
also known as tectonic geology correlation
or simply tectonics
 • HYDROLOGY – study of the
movement, distribution, and quality of
• PALEONTOLOGY – study of fossils water on earth, including the
hydrologic cycle, water resources and
environmental watershed
sustainability
• GEOMORPHOLOGY
• VOLCANOLOGY
• SEISMOLOGY
• GEMOLOGY
• PEDOLOGY
• POMOLOGY
• SEDIMENTOLOGY
• GEOPHYSICS
• LITHOGY
• TOPOGRAPHY
EARTH’S STRUCTURE AND
COMPOSITION

• SHAPE – oblate spheroid

• EQUATORIAL RADIUS – 3963
miles or 6378 km
• POLAR RADIUS – 3950 miles or
6356 km
• DENSITY – 5.513 grams per cubic
centimeter
• CRUST
 • CORE

• MANTLE
Links:

• CRUST: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/crust/
• MANTLE: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/mantle/
• CORE: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/core/