Metrology Sine Bar

Central Tool Room and Training Centre ,Bhubaneswar, Ministry of MSME
Welcome to Session
on metrology
E.Gowdhaman
BE(Mech),MBA(IT&HR)
Sr.Engineer
MSME Tool Room ,Bhubaneswar
12/13/10 egowdhaman@gmail.com 1/69

12/13/10
egowdhaman@gmail.com
Session Two
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Out Line
• Angle measurement principle

• Sine Bar
• Sine Vice
• Slip gauge

Principle
• Principle of the sine bar is based on trigonometrical
function
• Sine bar used to measure angles using with the help of
gauge blocks and a dial gauge or a spirit level.
• The aim of a measurement is to make the surface on
which the dial gauge or spirit level is placed horizontal.
•

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Trigonometrical function
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Example
• To measure the angle of a wedge, the wedge is
placed on a horizontal table.

• The sine bar is placed over the inclined surface
of the wedge.
• At this position, the top surface of the sine bar
is inclined the same amount as the wedge.
• Using gauge blocks, the top surface is made
horizontal.
• The sine of the angle of inclination of the wedge
is the ratio of the height of the gauge blocks
used and the distance between the centers of
the cylinders.
•
Features
• This is the rectangular bar made up of
stabilized chromium steel

• Surface accurately finished by grinding and
lapping
• Two precision rollers of same diameter are
mounted on either end of the bar
• The centre of line of the rollers is parallel to the
top of the face of the sine bar
• The holes drilled across the bar are to reduce
the weight and used for climbing on angle
plate

Features
• The length of the sine bar is the distance
between the center of the rollers.

• Commonly available sizes are 100mm, 200mm,
250mm and 500mm
• Size of the sine bar is specified by length

Uses
• Where high degree of accuracy to less

then one minute is needed
• Measuring angle
• Marking out
• Setting up for machining


Construction
• It consists of a hardened, precision ground body with

two precision ground cylinders fixed at the ends. The
distance between the centers of the cylinders is
precisely controlled, and the top of the bar is parallel
to a line through the centers of the two rollers.
• The dimension between the two rollers is chosen to be
a whole number (for ease of later calculations) and
forms the hypotenuse of a triangle when in use. The
image shows a 10 inch and a 100 mm sine bar.
•

Measurement
• When a sine bar is placed on a level surface the top edge will be
parallel to that surface. If one roller is raised by a known

distance, usually using gauge blocks, then the top edge of the
bar will be tilted by the same amount forming an angle that may
be calculated by the application of the sine rule.
• The hypotenuse is a constant dimension — (100 mm or 10 inches
in the examples shown).
• The height is obtained from the dimension between the bottom of
one roller and the table's surface.
• The angle is calculated by using the sine rule. Some engineering
and metalworking reference books contain tables showing the
dimension required to obtain an angle from 0-90 degrees,
incremented by 1 minute intervals.
• Angles may be measured or set with this tool.


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Slip Gauge
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What is Slip Gauge
• Slip gauges are often called Johannsen gauges also, as

Johannsen originated them.
• These are rectangular blocks of steel having a cross-
section of about 30 by 10 mm.
• These are first hardened to resist wear and carefully
stabilised so that they are independent of any
subsequent variation in size or shape.
• After being hardened, blocks are carefully finished on the
measuring faces to such a fine degree of finish,
flatness and accuracy that any two such faces when
perfectly clean may be 'wrung' together

Grades of Slip Gauge.
• The slip gauges can be graded into three categories,

 Grade 0, Grade I and Grade II.
• High degree of finish and flatness of the slip gauges
makes it possible for a number of gauges to be
wrung together to form a composite size,
• Accuracy of length of gauges, their flatness, parallelism
and hardness.


Use of Slip Gauge Grades
• Grade 2. This is the workshop grade. Typical uses

include setting up machine tools, positioning milling
cutters and checking mechanical widths.
Grade 1. Used for more precise work, such as that
carried out in A good-class tool room. Typical uses
include setting up sine bars and sine tables, checking
gap gauges and setting dial test indicators
to zero.
• Grade 0. This is more commonly known as the
Inspection grade, and its use is confined to tool room
or machine shop inspection..


Set of 45 & 85- M45 & M85
Range Step (All dimensions

1.001 to 1.009 0.001 in
9 mm)
1.01 to 10.9 0.01 9Pieces
1.1 to 1.9 0.1 9
1 to 9 1 9
10 to 90 10 9
Total 45

Slip Gauge Material
• Made from high grade steel with coefficient of

thermal expansion (11.5 ± 1.5) x 10-6 per
degree Celsius between 10°C and 30°C.
• Hardened throughout and suitably heat-treated.
• Suitably stabilized their dimensions are
provided with hard measuring faces like
carbide faces.
• The hardness of the slip gauges is always
more than 800 HV (Vickers Hardness)

Salient Features of slip gauge
• Corrosion Resistant
— Unaffected by water, acids and alkalies.
— Simple maintenance with no requirement of any
anti-corrosion treatment.
— No adverse effects due to fingering while using.
• Superior Wringability
 — The uniform and close grain structure enables
the blocks rigidly wrung together and easy to
operate. Dents and burrs are not easily produced on
gauge surface.

Salient Features of slip gauge
• Resistant to Impact
 —Blocks are hard and highly tough to withstand the

knocks and drops
that occur during use and will not chip or fracture easily.
• Resistant to Wear
 —The natural stability and durability due to its low
friction co-efficient maintains their geometry longer.
• Thermal Expansion
 — Co-efficient of thermal expansion of ceramic is
10 x lO^fC is very close to that of steel.
— The lowest thermal conductivity makes these gauge
blocks easy to use at different
temperatures.
•
Construction of slip Gauge
• According to IS : 2984—1966, the size of a slip

gauge is defined as the distance between
two plane measuring faces, one being
constituted by the surface of an auxiliary
body with which one of the slip gauge faces
is wrung and the other by the exposed face
to the slip gauge.

Wringing Slip Gauge
• Process of sliding two blocks together so that their
faces lightly bond.

• Molecular attraction between the blocks, and forms a
very strong bond
• May withstand a 200 lb (890 newton) pull.
• Physics responsible for this phenomenon remains
unclear.
• Possible causes that have been suggested are:
atmospheric pressure, molecular attraction, a minute
film of oil, or a combination of these factors

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Determining slip Gauge
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Determining slip Gauge
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12/13/10
Calculation
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Central Tool Room and Training Centre ,Bhubaneswar, Ministry of MSME

12/13/10 egowdhaman@gmail.com 1/69

• Angle measurement principle

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placed on a horizontal table.

stabilized chromium steel

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between the center of the rollers.

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• Where high degree of accuracy to less

12/13/10 egowdhaman@gmail.com 9/69

• It consists of a hardened, precision ground body with

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parallel to that surface. If one roller is raised by a known

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• Slip gauges are often called Johannsen gauges also, as

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• The slip gauges can be graded into three categories,

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• Grade 2. This is the workshop grade. Typical uses

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Range Step (All dimensions

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• Made from high grade steel with coefficient of

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 —Blocks are hard and highly tough to withstand the

• According to IS : 2984—1966, the size of a slip

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faces lightly bond.

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